Desmond Tutu TB Centre (Tygerberg)
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Understanding low sensitivity of community-based HIV rapid testing : experiences from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa
(Wiley Open Access, 2017-08-27)Introduction: Population-wide HIV testing services (HTS) must be delivered in order to achieve universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage. To accurately deliver HTS at such scale, non-facility-based HIV point-of-care ... -
Shorter treatment for minimal tuberculosis (TB) in children (SHINE) : a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2018-04-19)Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is frequently paucibacillary and non-severe forms of pulmonary TB are common. Evidence for tuberculosis treatment in children is largely extrapolated from adult studies. Trials in ... -
Complementary surveillance strategies are needed to better characterise the epidemiology, care pathways and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in children
(BioMed Central, 2018-03-23)Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in young and HIV-infected children is frequently diagnosed at hospital level. In settings where general hospitals do not function as TB reporting units, the burden and severity of childhood ... -
Cost analysis of two community-based HIV testing service modalities led by a Non-Governmental Organization in Cape Town, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2017-12-02)Background: In South Africa, the financing and sustainability of HIV services is a priority. Community-based HIV testing services (CB-HTS) play a vital role in diagnosis and linkage to HIV care for those least likely to ... -
The impact of drug resistance on the risk of tuberculosis infection and disease in child household contacts : a cross sectional study
(Biomed Central, 2017-08-29)ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: The relative fitness of organisms causing drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is unclear. We compared the risk of TB infection and TB disease in young child ... -
Patient diagnostic rate as indicator of tuberculosis case detection, South Africa
(Centers for Disease Control and PreventionPublisher's version, 2016)ENGLISH SUMMARY : To address the uncertainty of the indirectly measured tuberculosis case detection rate, we used survey data stratified by HIV status to calculate the patient diagnostic rate, a directly measurable indicator, ... -
Has universal screening with Xpert® MTB/RIF increased the proportion of multidrugresistant tuberculosis cases diagnosed in a routine operational setting?
(Public Library of Science, 2017-02-15)Setting: Primary health services in Cape Town, South Africa where the introduction of Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) enabled simultaneous screening for tuberculosis (TB) and drug susceptibility in all presumptive cases. Study ... -
Effect of non-tuberculous mycobacteria on host biomarkers potentially relevant for tuberculosis management
(PLoS, 2014-10-16)Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are different from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) both in their ubiquitous environmental distribution and in their reduced capacity to cause disease. While often neglected ... -
HPTN 071 (PopART) : a cluster-randomized trial of the population impact of an HIV combination prevention intervention including universal testing and treatment : mathematical model
(PLoS, 2014-01-15)Background: The HPTN 052 trial confirmed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can nearly eliminate HIV transmission from successfully treated HIV-infected individuals within couples. Here, we present the mathematical modeling ... -
A comparison of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment commencement times in MDRTBPlus line probe assay and XpertH MTB/RIF-based algorithms in a routine operational setting in Cape Town
(PLoS, 2014-07-31)Background: Xpert MTB/RIF was introduced as a screening test for all presumptive tuberculosis cases in primary health services in Cape Town, South Africa. Study Aim: To compare multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) ... -
The frequencies of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+ PPD-specific CD4+CD45RO+ T-cells correlate with the magnitude of the QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube response in a prospective study of healthy Indian adolescents
(PLoS, 2014-07-03)Background: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) is an IFNγ-release assay used in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. The risk of TB progression increases with the magnitude of the MTB-specific ... -
Reducing deaths from severe pneumonia in children in Malawi by improving delivery of pneumonia case management
(PLoS, 2014-07-22)Objective: To evaluate the pneumonia specific case fatality rate over time following the implementation of a Child Lung Health Programme (CLHP) within the existing government health services in Malawi to improve delivery ... -
Vitamin D levels in Indian children with intrathoracic tuberculosis
(Medknow, 2014-10)Background & objectives: Deficiency of vitamin D, an immunomodulator agent, is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in adults, but only limited studies are available in the paediatric age group, especially ... -
Tuberculosis control in South Africa : successes, challenges and recommendations
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-03)Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, and South Africa (SA) has one of the world’s worst TB epidemics driven by HIV. Among the 22 countries with the highest burden of TB, SA has the highest estimated incidence ... -
Integration of TB and ART services fails to improve TB treatment outcomes : comparison of ART/TB primary healthcare services in Cape Town, South Africa
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-03)Background. The combined tuberculosis (TB) and HIV epidemics in South Africa (SA) have created enormous operational challenges for a health service that has traditionally run vertical programmes for TB treatment and ... -
Presentation and outcome of culture-confirmed isoniazid-resistant rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis in children
(International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2016)Setting: Isoniazid-resistant rifampicin-susceptible (HRRS) tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent form of drug-resistant TB globally, and may be a risk factor for poor outcomes. HRRS-TB in children has been poorly ... -
Tuberculosis in healthcare workers and infections control measures at primary healthcare facilities in South Africa
(Public Library of Science, 2013-10-02)Background Challenges exist regarding TB infection control and TB in hospital-based healthcare workers in South Africa. However, few studies report on TB in non-hospital based healthcare workers such as primary or ... -
Comparing same day sputum microscopy with conventional sputum microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis : Chhattisgarh, India
(Public Library of Science, 2013-09-23)Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends same day sputum microscopy (spot-spot) in preference to conventional strategy (spot-morning) for the diagnosis of smear positive tuberculosis with the view that ... -
HPTN 071 (PopART) : rationale and design of a cluster-randomised trial of the population impact of an HIV combination prevention intervention including universal testing and treatment - a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial
(BioMed Central, 2014-02)Abstract Background Effective interventions to reduce HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed. Mathematical modelling and the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial ... -
The rate of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis after treatment default in a high-burden setting : a retrospective cohort study
(PLoS, 2012-09)Rationale: High rates of recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment have been reported from different high burden settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the rate of smear-positive tuberculosis ...
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