Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Paediatrics and Child Health) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 22
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Addressing critical knowledge gaps to improve and shorten multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), defined as TB disease or infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin, threatens global TB ... -
Bronchoscopic assessment and management of children presenting with clinically significant airway obstruction due to tuberculosis
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is a common infectious disease in the world affecting approximately 550 000 children annually and contributing to approximately 10-15% of the TB caseload. The estimate is ... -
Childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis : addressing the diagnostic dilemma
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children contribute little to disease transmission and the maintenance of the tuberculosis epidemic, but they constitute a significant proportion of the total tuberculosis (TB) caseload and experience ... -
Childhood tuberculous meningitis : challenging current management strategies
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) continues to be an important cause of mortality and neurological disability in resource-limited countries. Many questions remain about the best approaches to prevent, diagnose, ... -
Community-based growth monitoring in a rural area lacking health facilities
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A community-based growth monitoring (GM) project was established in a rural village in KwaZulu-Natal. The project is an example of community-based activities that were based on a participatory approach ... -
A comparison of synthetic surfactants : evaluation of a novel surfactant (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-phosphatidycholine and trehalose [C12H22O11]) and comparison with other synthetic formulations
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to test a synthetic protein-free surfactant preparation, LPM-l, with the same chemical composition as commercially available Exosurf (Glaxo Wellcome), but containing in addition, ... -
Determinants of healthcare-associated infection among hospitalized children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is the most frequent complication of hospitalization resulting in suffering, excess mortality and increased healthcare costs. Although paediatric HAI burden and impact ... -
Disease dynamics in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis residing in a high incidence community
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a threat to global tuberculosis control by the WHO DOTS strategy. Studies in the United States and Europe have shown (i) that drug-resistant tuberculosis is present ... -
The epidemiology and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in childhood
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Resistance to antituberculosis agents became evident soon after antituberculosis treatment was introduced for the first time. Combined drug therapy seemed to resolve this problem. Animal experimental ... -
Evaluating the impact of an Xpert® MTB/RIF- based TB diagnostic algorithm in a routine operational setting in Cape Town
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Decades of reliance on slow, inaccurate diagnostic tests have contributed to poor case detection and impeded tuberculosis (TB) control efforts globally. The development of an accurate, rapid molecular ... -
Fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape : craniofacial and oral manifestations : a case control study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) consists of multi-system abnormalities and is caused by the excessive intake of alcohol during pregnancy. The teratogenic effect of alcohol on the human fetus ... -
How can virtual implementation modelling inform the scale-up of new molecular diagnostic tools for tuberculosis?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this dissertation was to develop an operational model to explain why the expected increase in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases detected was not found in our empirical study, Policy ... -
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on corticosteroids
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been regarded as a “benign physiological response”, a survey published in 2002 suggested that ... -
The impact of the HPTN 071 (PopART) intervention on mortality and AIDS related morbidity amongst HIV positive adults in South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2015 WHO recommended antiretroviral treatment (ART) for all HIV-positive individuals regardless of CD4 count and set a target for Universal Access to ART, that >80% of HIV-positive individuals should ... -
Improving early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-12)ENGLISH SUMMARY: Due to the sub-optimal performance of definite diagnostic tests, the early identification of paediatric TBM suspects relies on a thorough assessment of all the evidence derived from a careful history, ... -
The influence of age on the cellular immune response in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children and adults may differ in their immune function. An adequate function of the individual's immune system is crucial to the risk for development of tuberculosis (TB) after infection with Mycobacterium ... -
Innovative strategies to improve the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) contributes approximately 10% of the global TB burden, with over one million estimated new cases and 253,000 TB-related deaths in children during 2016. Paediatric TB is a ... -
Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of stavudine and this effect is strongly dose-dependent. Stavudine remains the most commonly used paediatric antiretroviral drug in sub-Saharan Africa, ... -
Mathematical modelling to project the impact of interventions targeted to previously treated individuals on the trajectory of the tuberculosis epidemic in high tuberculosis prevalence settings
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2018-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Better strategies are needed to reduce Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) transmission in tuberculosis (TB) high-incidence settings. Targeting additional control interventions towards groups at highest TB ... -
Pharmacokinetics and safety of first -- and second--line anti-- tuberculosis drugs in children
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) in children is high with a high morbidity and mortality, especially amongst young and HIV-‐infected children. The emerging epidemic of multidrug-‐resistant ...
