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Evaluating the BED capture enzyme immunoassay to estimate HIV incidence among adults in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Kim, A. A.; McDougal, J. S.; Hargrove, J.; Rehle, T.; Pillay-Van Wyk, V.; Puren, A.; Ekra, A.; Borget-Alloue, M. Y.; Adje-Toure, C.; Abdullahi, A. S.; Odawo, L.; Marum, L.; Parekh, B. S. (2010)

Serological assays for estimating HIV-1 incidence are prone to misclassification, limiting the accuracy of the incidence estimate. Adjustment factors have been developed and recommended for estimating assay-based HIV-1 ...

Interferon-gamma release assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with cancer

Stefan D.C.; Dippenaar A.; Detjen A.K.; Schaaf H.S.; Marais B.J.; Kriel B.; Loebenberg L.; Walzl G.; Hesseling A.C. (2010)

SETTING: The paediatric oncology unit at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and two commercial interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for the ...

Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa

Fenner L.; Brinkhof M.W.G.; Keiser O.; Weigel R.; Cornell M.; Moultrie H.; Prozesky H.; Technau K.; Eley B.; Vaz P.; Pascoe M.; Giddy J.; Van Cutsem G.; Wood R.; Egger M.; Davies M.-A. (2010)

Background: Many HIV-infected children in Southern Africa have been started on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) can be substantial. We analyzed mortality in children retained in care and in all ...

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid

Cilliers K.; Labadarios D.; Schaaf H.S.; Willemse M.; Maritz J.S.; Werely C.J.; Hussey G.; Donald P.R. (2010)

Aim: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, ...

Comparison of two active case-finding strategies for community-based diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive tuberculosis and control of infectious tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe (DETECTB): A cluster-randomised trial

Corbett E.L.; Bandason T.; Duong T.; Dauya E.; Makamure B.; Churchyard G.J.; Williams B.G.; Munyati S.S.; Butterworth A.E.; Mason P.R.; Mungofa S.; Hayes R.J. (2010)

Background Control of tuberculosis in settings with high HIV prevalence is a pressing public health priority. We tested two active case-finding strategies to target long periods of infectiousness before diagnosis, which ...

Rapid on-site evaluation of transbronchial aspirates: Randomised comparison of two methods

Diacon A.H.; Koegelenberg C.F.N.; Schubert P.; Brundyn K.; Louw M.; Wright C.A.; Bolliger C.T. (2010)

The value of different staining methods for rapid analysis of transbronchial needle aspirates during bronchoscopy has not been explored. In the present study, we compared a Papanicolaou-based rapid stain, prepared by a ...

Tuberculous meningitis-related optic neuritis: Recovery of vision with thalidomide in 4 consecutive cases

Schoeman J.F.; Andronikou S.; Stefan D.C.; Freeman N.; Van Toorn R. (2010)

Blindness is an uncommon but devastating complication of tuberculosis meningitis. The main causes are chronically raised intracranial pressure (hydrocephalus and/or tuberculomas) or direct involvement of the optic chiasm ...

Evaluation of paradoxical TB-associated IRIS with the use of standardized case definitions for resource-limited settings

Eshun-Wilson I.; Havers F.; Nachega J.B.; Prozesky H.W.; Taljaard J.J.; Zeier M.D.; Cotton M.; Simon G.; Soentjens P. (2010)

Objective: Standardized case definitions have recently been proposed by the International Network for the Study of HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (INSHI; [IRIS]) for use in resource-limited ...

Positive futures: A qualitative study on the needs of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa

Li R.J.; Jaspan H.B.; O'Brien V.; Rabie H.; Cotton M.F.; Nattrass N. (2010)

With the increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, vertically infected children have a better chance of surviving into adolescence and adulthood. Additionally, sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency ...

High mortality from respiratory failure secondary to swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) in south africa

Koegelenberg C.F.N.; Irusen E.M.; Cooper R.; Diacon A.H.; Taljaard J.J.; Mowlana A.; Von Groote-Bidlingmaier F.; Bolliger C.T. (2010)

Background: The novel influenza A (H1N1) pandemic affected South Africa late during the 2009 Southern hemisphere winter and placed an extra burden on a health care system already dealing with a high prevalence of chronic ...