World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease-an evidence-based guideline

Date
2012
Authors
Remeanyi B.
Wilson N.
Steer A.
Ferreira B.
Kado J.
Kumar K.
Lawrenson J.
Maguire G.
Marijon E.
Mirabel M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, the advent of echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has revealed a higher RHD burden than previously thought. In light of this global experience, the development of new international echocardiographic guidelines that address the full spectrum of the rheumatic disease process is opportune. Systematic differences in the reporting of and diagnostic approach to RHD exist, reflecting differences in local experience and disease patterns. The World Heart Federation echocardiographic criteria for RHD have, therefore, been developed and are formulated on the basis of the best available evidence. Three categories are defined on the basis of assessment by 2D, continuous-wave, and color-Doppler echocardiography: 'definite RHD', 'borderline RHD', and 'normal'. Four subcategories of 'definite RHD' and three subcategories of 'borderline RHD' exist, to reflect the various disease patterns. The morphological features of RHD and the criteria for pathological mitral and aortic regurgitation are also defined. The criteria are modified for those aged over 20 years on the basis of the available evidence. The standardized criteria aim to permit rapid and consistent identification of individuals with RHD without a clear history of acute rheumatic fever and hence allow enrollment into secondary prophylaxis programs. However, important unanswered questions remain about the importance of subclinical disease (borderline or definite RHD on echocardiography without a clinical pathological murmur), and about the practicalities of implementing screening programs. These standardized criteria will help enable new studies to be designed to evaluate the role of echocardiographic screening in RHD control. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Description
Keywords
aorta valve regurgitation, chorda tendinea, color ultrasound flowmetry, echocardiography, evidence based practice, groups by age, heart murmur, human, imaging system, mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve stenosis, practice guideline, priority journal, radiodiagnosis, review, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, screening test, secondary prevention, two dimensional echocardiography, world health organization
Citation
Nature Reviews Cardiology
9
5
297
309