The availability and accessibility of aftercare services for recovering adult addicts in the Western Cape

Date
2021-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally, substance abuse is on the rise. In South Africa, however, substance abuse has reached epidemic proportions. Social workers in South Africa have been tasked to address and combat substance abuse along a continuum of care, by providing prevention, intervention, and aftercare services. In this context, this study aims to explore the availability and accessibility of aftercare services to recovering adult addicts in the Western Cape, South Africa. The goal of the research study was to explore the availability of and accessibility to aftercare services for recovering adult addicts within South Africa with a distinct focus on the Western Cape. The purpose of the research was to investigate whether or not there were sufficient availability of services and accessibility to aftercare treatment for recovering adult addicts in order to provide them with protective factors needed to maintain sobriety. The research study utilised and referred to the biopsychosocial model as its theoretical underpinning in analysing the needs of recovering addicts across biological, psychological, social, and cultural domains. This was also applied to see if the accessibility and availability of aftercare services met these biopsychosocial needs. The service users that was investigated were recovering adult addicts. A qualitative approach alongside purposive sampling was utilised to investigate and explore the experience of these service users in terms of their perception regarding the availability and accessibility of aftercare services once they have left treatment. The information was collected with the use of semi-structured interviews guided by an interview schedule. The interviews were conducted along ethical-based practices by ensuring that informed consent was obtained from all 16 participants prior to the interviews being conducted. Confidentiality was respected and maintained throughout the study and debriefing services were available at all times. These participants were selected via a criteria of inclusion, namely that they were at that stage all entering the aftercare phase of treatment and had to have direct knowledge and experience about the accessibility and availability of these services in their communities. The interviews were conducted via Zoom video calls, given that face-to-face interviews were not possible due to Covid-19 and the subsequent lockdown regulations. Once the data reached saturation, the interviews were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis. The data was categorised into themes, sub-themes, and categories. The four themes identified were the biological challenges, psychological challenges, social challenges and cultural challenges in relation to the accessibility and availability of aftercare services. The data of the study underwent a verification process ensuring the validity of the study through safeguarding the credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability of the data obtained. The researcher furthermore explored the relevant literature, together with the policy and legislative frameworks pertaining to the accessibility to and availability of aftercare services in South Africa. These findings were then analysed in light of the empirical investigation to gain knowledge on the lived social experiences of recovering addicts in attempting to access available aftercare services in their communities in the Western Cape. After examining the literature and empirical findings, the researcher was able to provide applicable conclusions and recommendations. It is evident from this research study that recovering adult addicts experience numerous structural, systemic and attitudinal barriers regarding the accessibility and availability of aftercare services, especially amongst the disadvantaged communities of the Western Cape. It is recommended that a concerted effort be made by non-profit organisations as well as government departments to render and establish the availability and accessibility of aftercare services to all communities and recovering addicts in the Western Cape. It is also recommended that further research be conducted on the accessibility to and availability of aftercare services across South Africa. Finally, it is recommended that further research on the actual implementation of policies and legislative frameworks in light of aftercare treatment in South Africa, be explored.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die misbruik van alkohol en dwelms is besig om wêreldwyd toe te neem met wydverspreide toename in Suid-Afrika. Daar word van maatskaplike werkers verwag om hierdie misbruik in die kontinuum van sorg, naamlik voorkoming-, intervensie-, en nasorgdienste aan te spreek en te beveg. Verder neem die terugvalsyfers globaal en plaaslik toe, tot so hoog soos 70 tot 90 persent, wat die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van nasorgdienste noodsaak, ten einde die herstelsyfers in Suid-Afrika te verbeter. Die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie was om die beskikbaarheid en toeganklikheid van nasorgdienste aan volwasse verslaafdes wat in die herstelproses is, binne Suid-Afrika en spesifiekin die Wes-Kaap, te verken. Die oogmerk van die navorsingstudie was om ondersoek in te stel of daar voldoende beskikbaarheid en toeganklikheid is van nasorgdienste vir volwasse verslaafdes wat in die herstelproses is, ten einde hulle toe te rus met beskermde faktore wat nodig is om soberheid te handhaaf. Die navorsingstudie het van die Biopsigososiale model as teoretiese raamwerk gebruik gemaak met die analisering van die behoeftes van volwasse verslaafdes wat in die herstelproses is in die biologiese, sielkundige, sosiale, en kulturele domeine. Die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van nasorgdienste is ook ondersoek ten opsigte van die biopsigososiale behoeftes van volwasse verslaafdes wat in die herstelproses is. ʼn Kwalitatiewe benadering saam met doelbewuste steekproeftrekking is benut om die ervarings van diensverbruikers, naamlik volwasse verslaafdes aan die herstel, te ondersoek en te eksploreer in terme van hulle persepsies rakende die beskikbaarheid en toeganklikheid van nasorgdienste, nadat hulle behandeling ontvang het. Die inligting is ingesamel deur van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met ʼn onderhoudskedulegebruik te maak. Die onderhoude het geskied aan die hand van etiese riglyne. Daarom het al 16 deelnemers ingeligte toestemming gegee voor die onderhoude begin het, en is konfidensialiteit en respek deurgaans gehandhaaf, en was terapeutiese dienste deurentyd beskikbaar. Die deelnemers is gekies volgens sekere kriteria vir insluiting, naamlik dat hulle almal die nasorgfase van behandeling moes betree het, en dat hulle direkte kennis en ervaring oor die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van hierdie dienste in hul gemeenskappe moes gehad het. Die onderhoude plaasgevind deur Zoom video-oproepe, aangesien onderhoude van aangesig tot aangesig nie moontlik was nie weens Covid-19 en die daaropvolgende grendeltyd nie. Nadat data versadiging bereik is, het die navorser die onderhoude getranskribeer en ’n tematiese analise gedoen. Die data is in temas, sub-temas en kategorieë verdeel. Die vier temas was biologiese uitdagings, sielkundige uitdagings, sosiale uitdagings en kulturele uitdagings ten opsigte van die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van nasorgdienste. Daar is ook dataverifikasie gedoen wat die betroubaarheid van die studie verseker het in terme van geloofwaardigheid, oordraagbaarheid, betroubaarheid, en bevestiging. Die navorser het relevante literatuur, sowel as beleid en wetgewing rakende die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van nasorgdienste in Suid-Afrika verken. Hierdie bevindinge is teen die agtergrond van die empiriese ondersoek geanaliseer ten einde kennis in te win oor die werklike ervaringe van volwasse verslaafdes in die herstelproses in hul pogings om toeganklike, beskikbare nasorgdienste te bekom in hul gemeenskappe in Wes-Kaap. Die navorser het die literatuur en empiriese bevindinge bestudeer om relevante gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings te maak. Dit is duidelik uit hierdie navorsingstudie dat volwasse verslaafdes aan die herstel verskeie strukturele-, sistemiese- en gesindheidsstruikelblokke ervaar ten opsigte van die toeganklikheid en beskikbaarheid van nasorgdienste, veral in benadeelde gemeenskappe in die Wes-Kaap. Dit word aan beveel dat ʼn gesamentlike poging van beide nie-winsgewende organisasies en staatsdepartemente aangewend moet word om nasorgdienste te lewer en te vestig wat beskikbaar en toeganklik is vir alle gemeenskappe en volwasse verslaafdes wat in die herstelproses is in die Wes-Kaap. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat meer navorsing gedoen moet word oor die daadwerklike implementering van beleid en wetgewing rakende nasorgdienste in Suid-Afrika.
Description
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.
Keywords
Substance abuse, Recovering addicts -- South Africa -- Western Cape, Adult addicts -- South Africa -- Western Cape, Recovering addicts -- Services for -- South Africa -- Western Cape, UCTD
Citation