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White matter abnormalities in children with HIV infection and exposure

Jankiewicz, Marcin; Holmes, Martha J.; Taylor, Paul A.; Cotton, Mark F.; Laughton, Barbara; Van der Kouwe, Andre J. W.; Meintjes, Ernesta M. (Frontiers Media, 2017)

Background: Due to changes in guidelines and access to treatment, more children start combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in infancy. With few studies examining the long-term effects of perinatal HIV infection and ...

Anti-Group B Streptococcus antibody in infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Le Doare, Kirsty; Allen, Lauren; Kampmann, Beate; Heath, Paul Trafford; Taylor, Stephen; Hesseling, Anneke C.; Gorringe, Andrew; Jones, Christine Elizabeth (Elsevier, 2015-01-29)

Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants have increased infection risk and mortality compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposed infants may be at increased risk of invasive GBS disease due to reduced maternal antibody ...

Variation in HIV prevalence and the population-level effects of antiretroviral therapy in reducing tuberculosis incidence in South Africa

Sloot, R.; Maarman, G. J.; Osman, M.; Marx, F. M. (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2018)

The current year (2018) marks the 10th year after the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in South Africa (SA) reached a historic peak of 848 incident TB cases per 100 000 population in 2008.[1,2] TB incidence has since decreased ...

Nevirapine versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for HIV-infected children

Violari, Avy; Paed, F. C.; Lindsey, Jane C.; Hughes, Michael D.; Mujuru, Hilda A.; Barlow-Mosha, Linda; Kamthunzi, Portia; Chi, Benjamin H.; Cotton, Mark F.; Moultrie, Harry; Khadse, Sandhya; Schimana, Werner; Bobat, Raziya; Purdue, Lynette; Eshleman, Susan H.; Abrams, Elaine J.; Millar, Linda; Petzold, Elizabeth; Mofenson, Lynne M.; Jean-Philippe, Patrick; Palumbo, Paul (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2012)

BACKGROUND: Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is the predominant (and often the only) regimen available for children in resource-limited settings. Nevirapine resistance after exposure to the drug for prevention of ...

Neurodevelopment at 11 months after starting antiretroviral therapy within 3 weeks of life

Laughton, Barbara; Naidoo, Shalena; Dobbels, Els; Boivin, Michael J.; Janse van Rensburg, Anita; Glashoff, Richard H.; Van Zyl, Gert U.; Kruger, Mariana; Cotton, Mark F. (AOSIS, 2019-10-03)

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) started between 7 and 12 weeks of age improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-infected (HIV+) infants, but the impact of even earlier initiation is not yet described. Objectives: ...

Thymic output and CD4 T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected children on early and interrupted antiretroviral treatment : evidence from the children with HIV early antiretroviral therapy trial

Lewis, Joanna; Payne, Helen; Walker, A. Sarah; Otwombe, Kennedy; Gibb, Diana M.; Babiker, Abdel G.; Panchia, Ravindre; Cotton, Mark F.; Violari, Avy; Klein, Nigel; Callard, Robin E. (Frontiers, 2017-09)

Objectives: Early treatment of HIV-infected children and adults is important for optimal immune reconstitution. Infants’ immune systems are more plastic and dynamic than older children’s or adults’, and deserve particular ...

Functional connectivity alterations between networks and associations with infant immune health within networks in HIV infected children on early treatment : a study at 7 years

Toich, Jadrana T. F.; Taylor, Paul A.; Holmes, Martha J.; Gohel, Suril; Cotton, Mark F.; Dobbels, Els; Laughton, Barbara; Little, Francesca; Van Der Kouwe, Andre J. W.; Biswal, Bharat; Meintjes, Ernesta M. (Frontiers Media, 2018)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although HIV has been shown to impact brain connectivity in adults and youth, it is not yet known to what extent long-term early antiretroviral therapy (ART) may alter these effects, especially during ...

Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years

Robertson, Frances C.; Holmes, Martha J.; Cotton, Mark F.; Dobbels, Els; Little, Francesca; Laughton, Barbara; Van Der Kouwe, Andre J. W.; Meintjes, Ernesta M. (Frontiers Media, 2018)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Abnormalities of the basal ganglia are frequently seen in HIV-infected (HIV+) children despite antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation during childhood. Assessment of metabolites associated with neuronal ...

Neurodevelopmental status of HIV-exposed but uninfected children : a pilot study

Springer, P.; Laughton, Barbara; Tomlinson, M.; Harvey, J.; Esser, M. (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2012-03-29)

Introduction. HIV affects children both directly and indirectly, with evidence of increased infectious mortality and morbidity in the HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infant. There is little published research on ...

Guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis among HIV-infected persons : 2013 update

Govender, N. P.; Meintjies, G.; Bicanic, T.; Dawood, H.; Harrison, T. S.; Jarvis, J. N.; Karstaedt, A. S.; Maartens, D.; McCarthy, K. M.; Rabie, H.; Variava, E.; Venter, W. D. F.; Boulware, D. R.; Chiller, T.; Meya, D. B.; Scriven, J. (AOSIS, 2013)

Six years after the first Society guidelines were published, cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults in South Africa. Several important developments have ...