Introduction. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye cancer in children. Early detection is necessary for cure. Objective. To compare stage and outcome of children with RB treated at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South ...

Background: The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in South Africa is now successful in ensuring HIV-free survival for most HIV-exposed children, but gaps in PMTCT coverage remain. The study ...

Background. Critically ill children are often managed in non-tertiary general intensive care units admitting both adults and children, but few data are currently available regarding paediatric outcomes in these general ...

Objective. To assess the extent to which children may be falsely diagnosed as HIV-infected, using data from an antiretroviral therapy (ART) site in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods. This was a retrospective patient record ...

Aim. To examine false-positive HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results in children, and the potential implications for the paediatric HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. A review was done of records ...

Leukaemia means white blood. It is a disease of the white blood cells and was first described by Virchow in 1845. Leukaemia can present as an acute disease, occurring more often in the younger age groups, or as a chronic ...

Childhood cancer is rare and comprises only 1% of all cancers. It usually develops from non-ectodermal embryonal tissue. Major improvement in cancer treatment and supportive care in the last 50 years has changed a fatal ...

Children more commonly present with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) at diagnosis of cancer in developing countries than in developed countries, depending on the type of cancer and extent of the disease. PEM at cancer ...

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) started between 7 and 12 weeks of age improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-infected (HIV+) infants, but the impact of even earlier initiation is not yet described. Objectives: ...

Background. Childhood cancer is an emerging problem in Africa. Its extent is hazy because data are scarce, but it should be addressed. This is the first report from the South African Children’s Tumour Registry (SACTR), ...