Browsing Research Articles (Paediatrics and Child Health) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 320
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Adherence to isoniazid preventive chemotherapy: a prospective community based study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2006-09)Background: Current international guidelines recommend 6–9 months of isoniazid (INH) preventive chemotherapy to prevent the development of active tuberculosis in children exposed to a susceptible strain of M tuberculosis. ... -
Adolescent tuberculosis
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1996-3)INTRODUCTION: One of the most intriguing features of the epidemiology of tuberculosis is the well-known variation in the age incidence of disease and the variation in the nature of the disease with age. During infancy and ... -
Adrenal rest tumours in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa (JEMDSA), 2008-07)Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is rare, occurring approximately once in every 15 000 live births.1 At birth it is often suspected in girls because of ambiguous genitalia, ... -
Age-disparity, sexual connectedness and HIV infection in disadvantaged communities around Cape Town, South Africa: A study protocol
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2011)Abstract: Background Crucial connections between sexual network structure and the distribution of HIV remain inadequately understood, especially in regard to the role of concurrency and age disparity in relationships, and ... -
Aggressive desmoid fibromatosis : first case in a Rwandan child
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2013-08-30)Desmoid tumours are a rare group of locally aggressive, non-malignant tumours of fibroblastic origin that can result in significant morbidity due to local invasion. Facial involvement in children with aggressive fibromatosis ... -
Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in HIV-positive and HIV-negtive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients
(Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2012-06)Background. Ototoxicity following aminoglycoside treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a significant problem. This study documents the incidence of ototoxicity in HIVpositive and HIV-negative ... -
Annual risk of tuberculous infection using different methods in communities with a high prevalence of TB and HIV in Zambia and South Africa
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2009-11)Background: The annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) is a key epidemiological indicator of the extent of transmission in a community. Several methods have been suggested to estimate the prevalence of tuberculous ... -
Another phenocopy for chondrodysplasia punctata in addition to warfarin embryopathy?
(HMPG, 1978)[No abstract available] -
Anti-Group B Streptococcus antibody in infants born to mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
(Elsevier, 2015-01-29)Background: HIV-exposed uninfected infants have increased infection risk and mortality compared to HIV-unexposed infants. HIV-exposed infants may be at increased risk of invasive GBS disease due to reduced maternal antibody ... -
Antiretroviral therapy for the management of HIV in children
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2014-12)Since 2004, when antiretroviral therapy (ART) was first available to children through the National Department of Health, there has been significant progress in preventing and treating paediatric HIV. Large cohort studies ... -
Antiretroviral therapy in children - increased benefit from increased complexity
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2000-10)Antiretroviral therapy (ART) started as monotherapy with significant short-term gains. With the advent of newer drugs management has become more complex, but with significant gains in quality and quantity of life. The ... -
Assessing the impact of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children : an exploratory qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2014-08)Background: While the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is high among children in the Western Cape of South Africa, the psychosocial implications of treatment for children with MDR-TB remain ... -
The association between the ratio of monocytes : lymphocytes at age 3 months and risk of tuberculosis (TB) in the first two years of life
(BioMed Central, 2014-07-17)Background: Recent transcriptomic studies revived a hypothesis suggested by historical studies in rabbits that the ratio of peripheral blood monocytes to lymphocytes (ML) is associated with risk of tuberculosis (TB) ... -
The association of hyperglycaemia with prevalent tuberculosis : a population-based cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Systematic reviews suggest that the incidence of diagnosed tuberculosis is two- to- three times higher in those with diabetes mellitus than in those without. Few studies have previously reported the ... -
Asthma treatment in children : a pragmatic approach
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2018)Background. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, with airway reversibility. Management of chronic inflammation with anti-asthma medication ... -
Availability and acceptability of HIV counselling and testing services. a qualitative study comparing clients’ experiences of accessing HIV testing at public sector primary health care facilities or non-governmental mobile services in Cape Town, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: The South African government is striving for universal access to HIV counselling and testing (HCT), a fundamental component of HIV care and prevention. In the Cape Town district, Western Cape Province of South ... -
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the COVID-19 pandemic : responsible stewardship is needed
(The Union, 2020)We believe that responsible stewardship of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic is urgently needed. Live attenuated BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine to protect against ... -
Bacteraemia in children in the south-western Cape. A hospital-based survey
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1992-01)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During 1989, of the 8524 children admitted to the paediatric wards of Tygerberg Hospital, 165 (1,96%) had bacteraemia. The incidence of community-acquired bacteraemias was 1,6% and that of nosocomial ... -
Bacterial disease and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in HIV-Infected, hospitalized children: A retrospective cohort study
(PLOS, 2008-09-24)Background: Serious bacterial infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected children. The spectrum of disease is wide, and responsible organisms vary according to setting. The use of antibiotic ... -
Bacterial pathogens and resistance causing community acquired paediatric bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries : a systematic review and meta-analysis
(BMC (part of Springer Nature), 2019-12-30)Background: Despite a high mortality rate in childhood, there is limited evidence on the causes and outcomes of paediatric bloodstream infections from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a systematic review ...
