Browsing Research Articles (Epidemiology and Biostatistics) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 80
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Acute pain in the African prehospital setting : a scoping review
(Hindawi, 2019)Background. Acute pain is a common reason for seeking prehospital emergency care. Regrettably, acute pain is often underestimated and poorly managed in this setting. The scoping review was conducted to gain insight into ... -
Adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy among child contacts in Rwanda : a mixed-methods study
(Public Library of Science, 2019-02-11)Background: The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for six months for child contacts without tuberculosis (TB), who are exposed to an adult with active TB. The effectiveness of IPT ... -
Alcohol marketing and adolescent alcohol consumption : results from the International Alcohol Control study (South Africa)
(Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2018-08-28)Background. A complete ban on alcohol advertisements has been proposed for South Africa (SA), but there has been limited local research on the association between exposure to alcohol advertisements and alcohol consumptio ... -
Ambient air pollution and health in Sub-Saharan Africa : current evidence, perspectives and a call to action
(Elsevier, 2019)Background: People from low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected by the global burden of adverse health effects caused by ambient air pollution (AAP). However, data from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are ... -
Analytical methods used in estimating the prevalence of HIV/AIDS from demographic and cross-sectional surveys with missing data : a systematic review
(BMC (part of Springer Nature), 2020-03-14)Background: Sero- prevalence studies often have a problem of missing data. Few studies report the proportion of missing data and even fewer describe the methods used to adjust the results for missing data. The objective ... -
Assessing the uncertainty around age-mixing patterns in HIV transmission inferred from phylogenetic trees
(Public Library of Science, 2021)Understanding age-mixing patterns in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission networks can enhance the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to ethical consideration, it ... -
Being HIV positive and staying on antiretroviral therapy in Africa : a qualitative systematic review and theoretical model
(PLoS, 2019-01-10)Background : Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and long-term uninterrupted engagement in HIV care is difficult for HIV-positive people, and randomized trials of specific techniques to promote adherence often show ... -
Better virological outcomes among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiating early antiretroviral Tteatment (CD4 Counts ≥500 Cells/µL) in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa
(Oxford University Press, 2020-01-16)Background: There have been concerns about reduced adherence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virological suppression (VS) among clinically well people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with high pre-ART CD4 ... -
Burden of seasonal influenza in sub- Saharan Africa : a systematic review protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2018-10)Introduction Measures of epidemiological burdens are an important contribution to estimating disease severity and determining the at-risk populations for seasonal influenza. In the absence of these data, it is ... -
Clinical evolution, management and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa : a research protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-08-06)Introduction The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19, declared a global pandemic by the WHO, is a novel infection with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In South Africa, 55 421 cases have been confirmed ... -
Clinical practice guideline adaptation methods in resource-constrained settings : four case studies from South Africa
(BMJ Publishing, 2020-12)Developing a clinical practice guideline (CPG) is expensive and time-consuming and therefore often unrealistic in settings with limited funding or resources. Although CPGs form the cornerstone of providing synthesised, ... -
Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality trends by sex and population group in South Africa : 2002–2014
(BMC (part of Springer Nature), 2021-02-06)Background: South Africa (SA) has experienced a rapid transition in the Human Development Index (HDI) over the ast decade, which had an effect on the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study ... -
Combination antiretroviral treatment use in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes : 6-week HIV prevalence and relationship to time of antiretroviral treatment initiation and mixed feeding
(AOSIS, 2019)Background: In Zimbabwe, 16% of pregnant women aged 15–49 years are infected with HIV. More than 90% of HIV infection in children is through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We investigated the effectiveness of the ... -
A comparative evaluation of PDQ-Evidence
(BioMed Central, 2018-03-15)Background: A strategy for minimising the time and obstacles to accessing systematic reviews of health system evidence is to collect them in a freely available database and make them easy to find through a simple ... -
A comparison of trauma scoring systems for trauma-related injuries presenting to a district-level urban public hospital in Western Cape, South Africa
(Medpharm, 2020-03)BACKGROUND: Trauma is a major public health issue and has an extensive burden on the health system in South Africa. Many trauma scoring systems have been developed to estimate trauma severity and predict mortality. The ... -
COVID-19 and routine childhood immunization in Africa : leveraging systems thinking and implementation science to improve immunization system performance
(Elsevier, 2020-06-24)One of the routine health services that is being disrupted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Africa is childhood immunization. This is because the immunization system relies on functioning health facilities and ... -
A cross sectional survey to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination among diabetics in Pretoria, South Africa
(Elsevier, 2017-11-07)Background: In South Africa, influenza vaccination is recommended to all diabetics. However, vaccinationcoverage among diabetics remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes,and practices ... -
Determinants of poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment using a combined effect of age and education among human immunodeficiency virus infected young adults attending care at Letaba Hospital HIV Clinic, Limpopo Province, South Africa
(Pan African Medical Journal, 2019-01-18)Introduction: sustained viral suppression using antiretroviral treatment (ART) occurs with adherence to treatment of at least 95%. Non-adherence promotes the development of drug-resistance and treatment failure in individuals ... -
Developing prehospital clinical practice guidelines for resource limited settings : why re-invent the wheel?
(BioMed Central, 2018-02-05)Objectives: Methods on developing new (de novo) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have received substantial attention. However, the volume of literature is not matched by research into alternative methods of CPG development ... -
Dietary intake and beliefs of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in Cape Town, South Africa
(MDPI, 2018)This study investigated the dietary intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their beliefs relating to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) and sugary foods and drinks. A cross-sectional ...
