Browsing by Author "Ntsekhe, Mpiko"
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- ItemAdvancing global health through cardiovascular research, mentorship, and capacity building : in memoriam, professor Bongani Mayosi (1967–2018)(BMC (part of Springer Nature), 2018-10-03) Nachega, Jean B.; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Volmink, Jimmy; Thabane, LehanaENGLISH ABSTRACT: No abstract available
- ItemClinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era : the investigation of the management of Pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry(BioMed Central, 2006-01) Mayosi, Bongani M.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Volmink, Jimmy A.; Gumedze, Freedom; Maartens, Gary; Aje, Akinyemi; Thomas, Baby M.; Thomas, Kandathil M.; Awotedu, Abolade A.; Thembela, Bongani; Mntla, Phindile; Maritz [Late], Frans; Ngu Blackett, Kathleen; Nkouonlack, Duquesne C.; Burch, Vanessa C.; Rebe, Kevin; Parish, Andy; Sliwa, Karen; Vezi, Brian Z.; Alam, Nowshad; Brown, Basil G.; Gould, Trevor; Visser, Tim; Shey, Muki S.; Magula, Nombulelo P.; Commerford, Patrick J.Background: The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis has increased in Africa as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. However, the effect of HIV co-infection on clinical features and prognosis in tuberculous pericarditis is not well characterised. We have used baseline data of the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry to assess the impact of HIV co-infection on clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of patients with suspected tuberculous pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Consecutive adult patients in 15 hospitals in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa were recruited on commencement of treatment for tuberculous pericarditis, following informed consent. We recorded demographic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic information at baseline, and have used the chi-square test and analysis of variance to assess probabilities of significant differences (in these variables) between groups defined by HIV status. Results: A total of 185 patients were enrolled from 01 March 2004 to 31 October 2004, 147 (79.5%) of whom had effusive, 28 (15.1%) effusive-constrictive, and 10 (5.4%) constrictive or acute dry pericarditis. Seventy-four (40%) had clinical features of HIV infection. Patients with clinical HIV disease were more likely to present with dyspnoea (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 7.4, P = 0.005) and electrocardiographic features of myopericarditis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.9, P = 0.03). In addition to electrocardiographic features of myopericarditis, a positive HIV serological status was associated with greater cardiomegaly (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.34 to 11.32, P = 0.01) and haemodynamic instability (OR 9.68, 95% CI 2.09 to 44.80, P = 0.0008). However, stage of pericardial disease at diagnosis and use of diagnostic tests were not related to clinical HIV status. Similar results were obtained for serological HIV status. Most patients were treated on clinical grounds, with microbiological evidence of tuberculosis obtained in only 13 (7.0%) patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids were used in 109 (58.9%) patients, with patients having clinical HIV disease less likely to be put on them (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.68). Seven patients were on antiretroviral drugs. Conclusion Patients with suspected tuberculous pericarditis and HIV infection in Africa have greater evidence of myopericarditis, dyspnoea, and haemodynamic instability. These findings, if confirmed in other studies, may suggest more intensive management of the cardiac disease is warranted in patients with HIV-associated pericardial disease.
- ItemHIV infection is associated with a lower incidence of constriction in presumed tuberculous pericarditis : a prospective observational study(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2008-04) Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Wiysonge, Charles S.; Gumedze, Freedom; Maartens, Gary; Commerford, Patrick J.; Volmink, Jimmy A.; Mayosi, Bongani M.Background: Pericardial constriction is a serious complication of tuberculous pericardial effusion that occurs in up to a quarter of patients despite anti-tuberculosis chemotheraphy. The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the incidence of constrictive pericarditis following tuberculous pericardial effusion is unknown. Methods and Results: We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the association between HIV infection and the incidence of constrictive pericarditis among 185 patients (median age 33 years) with suspected tuberculous pericardial effusion. These patients were recruited consecutively between March and October 2004 on commencement of anti-tuberculosis treatment, from 15 hospitals in Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa. Surviving patients (N = 119) were assessed for clinical evidence of constrictive pericarditis at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Clinical features of HIV infection were present in 42 (35.2%) of the 119 patients at enrolment into the study.66 of the 119 (56.9%) patients consented to HIV testing at enrolment. During the 6 months of follow-up, a clinical diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis was made in 13 of the 119 patients (10.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9-18%). Patients with clinical features of HIV infection appear less likely to develop constriction than those without (4.8% versus 14.3%; P = 0.08). None of the 33 HIV seropositive patients developed constriction, but 8 (24.2%, 95%CI 11.1-42.3%)of the 33 HIV seronegative patients did (P = 0.005). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting simultaneously for several baseline characteristics, only clinical signs of HIV infection were significantly associated with a lower risk of constriction (odd ratio 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.87, P = 0.035). Conclusions: These data suggest that HIV infection is associated with a lower incidence of pericardial constriction in patients with presumed tuberculous pericarditis. © 2008 Ntsekhe et al.
- ItemInterventional cardiology during the COVID-19 epidemic(South African Heart Association, 2020) Weich, Hellmuth; Hitzeroth, Jens; Khan, Sajidah; Kettles, David; Vachiat, Ahmed; Ntsekhe, MpikoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our lives is unprecedented and major adjustments to our practices as physicians are required. Although our comments are applicable at the time of writing, the situation changes daily and the content of this article should be adjusted accordingly. Cath lab: An unambiguous cath lab protocol should be drawn up for each facility, appropriate to local circumstances. This should include standard procedures in preparation for arrival at the lab, in the performance of procedures, and, importantly, in maintaining due diligence when removing protective gear. All team members should be well trained in these procedures. Acute coronary syndromes: Standard timing for the invasive management of patients should not change during the pandemic. Due to delays often unavoidable during the pandemic, alternative strategies such as thrombolysis may be more readily available and therefore more appropriate. Drugs: The sick COVID-19 patient often represents a pro-thrombotic state and operators should ensure adequate anti-thrombotic therapy. Knowledge of interactions between cardiac drugs and investigational antiviral treatments is important. Elective procedures: Patients with chronic cardiac conditions are at high risk and may require non-urgent procedures to avert major complications. Selecting these cases requires consideration of multiple risks and benefits.
- ItemInterventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Cochrane Collaboration, 2017) Wiysonge, Charles S.; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Thabane, Lehana; Volmink, Jimmy; Majombozi, Dumisani; Gumedze, Freedom; Pandie, Shaheen; Mayosi, Bongani M.Background: Tuberculous pericarditis – tuberculosis infection of the pericardial membrane (pericardium) covering the heart – is becoming more common. The infection can result in fluid around the heart or fibrosis of the pericardium, which can be fatal. Objectives: In people with tuberculous pericarditis, to evaluate the effects on death, life‐threatening conditions, and persistent disability of: 1. 6‐month antituberculous drug regimens compared with regimens of 9 months or more; 2. corticosteroids; 3. pericardial drainage; and 4. pericardiectomy. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group trials register (January 2005); the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 4, 2004); MEDLINE (1966 to January 2005); EMBASE (1980 to January 2005); and checked the reference lists of existing reviews. We also contacted organizations and individuals working in the field. Selection criteria: Randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials of treatments for tuberculous pericarditis. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Meta‐analysis using fixed effects models calculated summary statistics, provided there was no statistically significant heterogeneity, and expressed results as risk ratio. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Main results: Four trials met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 469 participants. Treatments tested were adjuvant steroids and surgical drainage. Two trials with a total of 383 participants tested adjuvant steroids in participants with suspected tuberculous pericarditis in the pre‐HIV era. Fewer participants died in the intervention group, but numbers were small (risk ratio [RR] 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36 to 1.16, n = 350). One small trial tested steroids in HIV positive participants with effusion showed a similar pattern (RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.19 to 1.28, n = 58). One trial examined open surgical drainage compared with conservative management, and showed surgery relieved cardiac tamponade. Authors' conclusions: Steroids could have important clinical benefits, but the trials published to date are too small to demonstrate an effect. This requires large placebo controlled trials. Subgroup analysis could explore whether effusion or fibrosis modify the effects. Therapeutic pericardiocentesis under local anaesthesia and pericardiectomy also require further evaluation.
- ItemMortality in patients treated for tuberculous pericarditis in Sub-Saharan Africa(Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG), 2008-01) Mayosi, Bongani M.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Gumedze, Freedom; Volmink, Jimmy A.; Maartens, Gary; Aje, Akinyemi; Thomas, Baby M.; Thomas, Kandathil M.; Awotedu, Abolade A.; Thembela, Bongani; Mntla, Phindile; Maritz, Frans; Blackett, Kathleen Ngu; Nkouonlack, Duquesne C.; Burch, Vanessa C.; Rebe, Kevin; Parrish, Andy; Sliwa, Karen; Vezi, Brian Z.; Alam, Nowshad; Brown, Basil G.; Gould, Trevor; Visser, Tim; Magula, Nombulelo P.; Commerford, Patrick J.Objective. To determine the mortality rate and its predictors in patients with a presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa. Design. Between 1 March 2004 and 31 October 2004, we enrolled 185 consecutive patients with presumed tuberculous pericarditis from 15 referral hospitals in Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa, and observed them during the 6-month course of antituberculosis treatment for the major outcome of mortality. This was an observational study, with the diagnosis and management of each patient left at the discretion of the attending physician. Using Cox regression, we have assessed the effect of clinical and therapeutic characteristics (recorded at baseline) on mortality during follow-up. Results. We obtained the vital status of 174 (94%) patients (median age 33; range 14-87 years). The overall mortality rate was 26%. Mortality was higher in patients who had clinical features of HIV infection than in those who did not (40% v. 17%, p=0.001). Independent predictors of death during follow-up were: (i) a proven non-tuberculosis final diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR) 5.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-16.25), (ii) the presence of clinical signs of HIV infection (HR 2.28, CI 1.14-4.56), (iii) coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis (HR 2.33, CI 1.20-4.54), and (iv) older age (HR 1.02, CI 1.01-1.05). There was also a trend towards an increase in death rate in patients with haemodynamic instability (HR 1.80, CI 0.90-3.58) and a decrease in those who underwent pericardiocentesis (HR 0.34, CI 0.10-1.19). Conclusion. A presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis is associated with a high mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Attention to rapid aetiological diagnosis of pericardial effusion and treatment of concomitant HIV infection may reduce the high mortality associated with the disease.
- ItemPrevention of infective endocarditis associated with dental interventions : South African Heart association position statement, endorsed by the South African Dental Association(South African Heart Association, 2017) Jankelow, David; Cupido, Blanche; Zuhlke, Liesl; Sliwa, Karen; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Manga, Pravin; Doubell, Anton; Lawrenson, John; Essop, Mohammed RafiqueENGLISH ABSTRACT: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prevention is therefore an important clinical entity. The maintenance of optimal oral health is likely to play the most important role in protecting those at risk for IE. Both patients and health care practitioners must be educated in this regard. Guidelines have recommended that antibiotic prophylaxis should be limited to individuals (undergoing certain high-risk dental procedures) with underlying cardiac conditions that are associated with the greatest risk of an adverse outcome from IE. These conditions include prosthetic valves, congenital heart disease and previous IE. In South Africa, and other developing countries, IE is often a disease of young patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and carries a very poor prognosis. In contrast, IE in Europe/North America, where guidelines and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis have been reduced, has a different spectrum of factors. These patients are older with degenerative valve disease. IE may also occur as a result of invasive health care associated procedures or in the setting of prosthetic valves and implantable cardiac devices. Recently published international guidelines cannot be automatically applied to countries where RHD is common and oral hygiene is poor. We therefore recommend that patients with RHD should also receive antibiotic prophylaxis prior to the listed dental procedures. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be prescribed after stressing the role of good oral health and why the approach differs in South Africa. There should be close cooperation between the dental practitioner and clinician as to who should receive prophylaxis and who should not.
- ItemThe South African SHARE-TAVI registry : incidence and risk factors leading to conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker implantation(South African Heart Association, 2021) Du Toit, Rudolf; Doubell, Anton; Abelson, Mark; Hellig, Farrel; Horak, Adie; Mabin, Thomas; Klug, Eric; Schaafsma, Elizabeth; Van Wyk, Jacques; Scherman, Jacques; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Weich, HellmuthBackground: One of the most common complications post transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the development of heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM). The incidence of PPM in international registries ranges from 13% - 17.5%. Methods: The aim of this observational study was to report the PPM rate in the SHARE-TAVI registry and determine the clinical, electrocardiographic and procedural predictors of PPM as well as the effect of PPM on clinical outcomes. Results: Three hundred and fi ve subjects were analysed. The PPM rate was 9%. Third degree atrioventricular block at the time of implant was the most common indication for PPM. Self-expanding valves (PPM rate 14% vs. 6% for balloon-expandable valves, p=0.02) were correlated with the need for PPM. Baseline ECG predictors of PPM were axis deviation, QRS duration and conduction delay, most notably a pre-existing right bundle branch block (OR 15.88, p<0.01). PPM infl uenced functional class at 30 days, but not the need for repeat hospitalisation or mortality at 30-day and 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: A PPM rate lower than that reported in large international registries was found. Predictors of PPM and the infl uence of PPM on outcomes were similar to those reported in the international data.