Browsing by Author "Mattheyse, F. J."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Beneficial effects of adenosine triphosphate-MgC12 administered intravenously to rabbits subjected to haemorrhagic shock
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1986-10) Engelbrecht, F. M.; Mattheyse, F. J.
    ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The beneficial effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-MgCl2 administered as a bolus following fluid infusion or in combination with the infusion fluid were investigated in rabbits subjected to severe but reversible haemorrhagic shock. ATP-MgCl2 treatment led to a significant improvement of the metabolic functions of lung and liver tissue. Kidney tissue showed the same tendency, but the improvement did not reach significant levels. The release of lysosomal enzymes in vivo was retarded after treatment but not stopped. The mean arterial pressure was kept at a relatively constant level when ATP-MgCl2 was infused slowly. Administration as a bolus resulted in an immediate dramatic drop in pressure, followed by recovery and then a gradual decrease to levels which appeared to be incompatible with survival.
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    Experimental evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone in haemorrhagic shock
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1985) Engelbrecht, F. M.; Mattheyse, F. J.; Mouton, W. L.
    The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone (50mg/kg) in severe haemorrhagic shock were evaluated by metabolic, biochemical and haematological investigations in a rabbit model. It was found that administration of hydrocortisone prior to severe haemorrhage had no beneficial effect on any of the values measured. Owing to haemoconcentration and marked mobilization of leucocytes it would appear that in pretreated animals the magnitude of the hypoxia was increased and led to greater tissue damage and higher levels of lysosomal enzymes than in rabbits which had not received pretreatment with hydrocortisone. On the other hand, hydrocortisone therapy combined with volume replacement 1 hour after the haemorrhagic insult had several beneficial effects. The metabolic capacity of liver and kidney tissues was improved, the lysosomal concentration remained within normal limits, and normal limits, and the mean blood pressure and pulse pressure were maintained better than in controls. However, it would appear that this beneficial effect is only exerted on tissue still in a reversible state of shock. There is therefore no beneficial effect on lung tissue metabolism, the lungs being more sensitive to hypoxic damage than either liver or kidney tissue. Administration of hydrocortisone results in the immediate release of endotoxins into the circulation. This might be due to its vasodilatory action on the microcirculation of the intestinal viscera.
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    Haemorrhagic shock : metabolic parameters for the assessment of damage in lung, liver and kidney tissue
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1984) Engelbrecht, F. M.; Mattheyse, F. J.; Mouton, W. L.
    Changes in catabolic and biosynthetic parameters measured in vitro were used as criteria to assess the degree of damage in tissues after an animal was exposed to severe haemorrhagic shock for periods of 1 and 2 hours (blood loss 36.8%, blood pressure 30 ± 5 mmHg). The biosynthetic capacity of lung tissue, as determined by the incorporation of 1-14C-palmitate into total lung lipids, declined significantly with time. This reduction correlates well (r = 0.99) with the rate of decline in 14CO2 production from 1-14C- and 6-14C-glucose oxidation as well as with the decline in the rate of oxygen uptake. Any one of these parameters could therefore be used as an index of the degree of tissue damage due to haemorrhagic shock. Comparing the rates of decline in 14CO2 production from 1-14C-glucose by lung, liver and kidney tissue from the same animal after haemorrhagic insult for 1 hour, lung tissue appeared to be the most sensitive to hypoxia and kidney the least so. However, 2 hours after severe haemorrhage, i.e. near the terminal phase, the rate of 14CO2 production from 6-14C-glucose by liver tissue decreased dramatically by more than 53% of the control value. Apart from kidney and lung dysfunction, irreparable liver damage probably plays a major role in the fatal course of severe haemorrhage.
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    Oligomeric substances in ampicillin preparations : a comparison of Penbritin, Famicillin and Petercillin
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1988) Van der Bijl, P.; Seifart, H. I.; Parkin, D. P.; Mattheyse, F. J.
    An investigation into the presence of potentially harmful oligomers in formulations of ampicillin for parenteral administration available in the RSA was undertaken by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Significant differences were found to exist between formulations.
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    Oral midazolam in paediatric premedication
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 1991) Payne, K. A.; Coetzee, A. R.; Mattheyse, F. J.; Dawes, T.
    In a premedication study involving 135 children, aged 1-10 years, four regimens were investigated: (i) no premedication; (ii) oral trimeprazine tartrate 2 mg/kg, methadone 0.1 mg/kg, droperidol 0.15 mg/kg (TMD); (iii) intramuscular midazolam (Dormicum; Roche) 0.15 mg/kg; and (iv) oral midazolam 0.45 mg/kg. All premedications were given 60 minutes before a standard halothane anaesthetic. No impairment of cardiovascular stability occurred but after premedication the mean oxygen saturation decreased by 1.6% and 1.1%, respectively, in the intramuscular midazolam and TMD groups. Overall, children under 5 years of age behaved less satisfactorily in the holding room and at induction, than those over 5 years (P<0.01). Midazolam, intramuscularly and orally, produced more satisfactory behaviour than the other two regimens (P<0.05) and, combined with a 70% more rapid recovery than the TMD regimen (P<0.05), suggests that oral midazolam is a more effective paediatric premedication agent than placebo or TMD.