Browsing by Author "Masule, Simenda"
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- ItemRevised regional maximum flood method and regionalisation(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-12) Masule, Simenda; Du Plessis, Kobus; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Estimating flood peaks is necessary for the design and safety evaluation of hydraulic structures. The flood peaks are estimated using methods developed during the late 1960s to the late 1980s with only limited data and methodology available at that time. The Regional Maximum Flood (RMF) is one such method, which is empirically established and uses regional envelope curves to determine the maximum flood that can be expected in a region. The method further uses regional ratios derived from the recurrence interval flood peaks as a fraction of the RMF for estimating the recurrence interval of the latter. The RMF method was last updated in 1988, availing more than 30 years of additional data for further analysis. This research revisits the RMF method as applicable to South Africa, where an evaluation and update of the method are presented. The results from the evaluation indicated that the regional envelope curve established in 1988 were exceeded at two sites (Lorie dam and Pongolapoort dam). As a result, currently these exceeded envelope curves do not adequately represent the RMF. The excess above the RMF at each site was calculated as 25% and 8% respectively. This resulted in the need to update the method and its regionalisation. The regionalisation resulted in the determination of 15 RMF K regions and their associated RMF K regional envelope curves. The determined RMF K regions, in contrast to the 1988 RMF regions, were observed to have regions of smaller boundaries with a highest RMF K regional envelope value of 5.8 and the lowest value 2.8. The RMF K regional envelope curves were drawn 15% above the maximum observed flood peaks for each region. It was concluded that the newly determined RMF regional envelope curve adequately represents the RMF and is therefore applicable for determining the expected maximum flood at site of interest. Regional ratios for estimating the flood peaks with different recurrence as presented in the 1988 RMF method were evaluated and it was found that the ratios significantly overestimated the flood peaks. New regional ratios corresponding to a recurrence interval of two to 200 years were then derived and evaluated. The evaluation revealed that the ratios were associated with an extremely low correlation coefficient. In most cases, the new regional ratios underestimated flood peaks. The percentage mean error of the new ratios for six out of 11 RMF K regions evaluated for 50 to 200-year recurrence interval were between -15% to +15%, which was deemed as acceptable. However, because of the low correlation coefficient, it was concluded that these new regional ratios should not be used to estimate flood peaks with different recurrence intervals. Further investigation into these ratios is recommended. Topics from this research on which further research would be beneficial for the improvement of the presented RMF method were highlighted.