Department of Psychiatry

Permanent URI for this community

https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/175

Browse

Browsing Department of Psychiatry by Author "Abd-Allah, Foad"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013
    (Public Library of Science, 2017) Charara, Raghid; Forouzanfar, Mohammad; Naghavi, Mohsen; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Afshin, Ashkan; Vos, Theo; Daoud, Farah; Wang, Haidong; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Khalil, Ibrahim; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Khader, Yousef; Al-Hamad, Nawal; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; Rafay, Anwar; Asghar, Rana; Rana, Saleem M.; Shaheen, Amira; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Husseini, Abdullatif; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Khoja, Tawfik; Al Rayess, Zulfa A.; AlBuhairan, Fadia S.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Alomari, Mahmoud A.; Ali, Raghib; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Hamidi, Samer; Refaat, Amany H.; Westerman, Ronny; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Akanda, Ali S.; Ali, Syed Danish; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Faghmou, Imad A. D.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fischer, Florian; Jonas, Jost B.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Mehari, Alem; Omer, Saad B.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Mokdad, Ali A.; Maalouf, Fadi T.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Akseer, Nadia; Arya, Dinesh; Borschmann, Rohan; Brazinova, Alexandra; Brugha, Traolach S.; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Degenhardt, Louisa; Ferrari, Alize; Haro, Josep Maria; Horino, Masako; Hornberger, John C.; Huang, Hsiang; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Yunjin; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Mitchell, Philip B.; Patton, George; Sagar, Rajesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Savuon, Kim; Seedat, Soraya; Shiue, Ivy; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Stein, Dan J.; Tabb, Karen M.; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Mokdad, Ali H.
    The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost–YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability–YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25–49 age group, with a peak in the 35–39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
    (Elsevier, 2019-05-01) Feigin, Valery L.; Nichols, Emma; Alam, Tahiya; Bannick, Marlena S.; Beghi, Ettore; Blake, Natacha; Culpepper, William J.; Dorsey, E. Ray; Elbaz, Alexis; Ellenbogen, Richard G.; Fisher, James L.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Giussani, Giorgia; Glennie, Linda; James, Spencer L.; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Marin, Benoit; Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff; Nguyen, Minh; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Patel, Anoop P.; Piccininni, Marco; Roth, Gregory A.; Steiner, Timothy J.; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Theadom, Alice; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Wright, Claire; Zunt, Joseph Raymond; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Aboyans, Victor; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Acharya, Dilaram; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Shahi salman, Rustam; Alahdab, Fares; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Arabloo, Jalal; Aremu, Olatunde; Arnlov, Johan; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Atalay, Hagos Tasew; Awasthi, Ashish; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayuk, Tambe B.; Badawi, Alaa; Banach, Maciej; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bedi, Neeraj; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Bejot, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Belachew, Abate Bekele; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhane, Adugnaw; Beuran, Mircea; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Bijani, Ali; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat; Blazes, Christopher Kynrint; Brayne, Carol; Butt, Zahid A.; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cantu-Brito, Carlos; Car, Mate; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cerin, Ester; Chaiah, Yazan; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chatziralli, Irini; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Cooper, Cyrus; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera M.; Criqui, Michael H.; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Daryani, Ahmad; De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa; De La Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Leo, Diego; Degefa, Meaza Girma; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Deribe, Kebede; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Diaz, Daniel; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doku, David Teye; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Edvardsson, David; El-Khatib, Ziad; Endres, Matthias; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Esteghamati, Sadaf; Farhadi, Farzaneh; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Fatima, Batool; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Ganji, Morsaleh; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A,; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Gelaw, Belayneh K,; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Geremew, Demeke; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Gidey, Mahari Y.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Grada, Ayman; Grosso, Giuseppe; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rajeev; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hamidi, Samer; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Haro, Josep Maria; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon I.; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heidari, Behnam; Henok, Andualem; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hoang, Chi Linh; Hole, Michael K.; Homaie Rad, Enayatollah; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hu, Guoqing; Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jobanputra, Yash B.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kamil, Teshome Abegaz; Kanchan, Tanuj; Karami, Manoochehr; Karch, Andre; Karimi, Narges; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes; Kaul, Anil; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young-Ho; Khazaie, Habibolah; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Anthony S.; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishnamurthi, Rita V.; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kumar, Manasi; Lacey, Ben; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lansingh, Van C.; Latifi, Arman; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Li, Shanshan; Liao, Yu; Linn, Shai; Lo, Warren David; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lucas, Robyn M.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Mackay, Mark T.; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manafi, Navid; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Marz, Winfried; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mate, Kedar K. V.; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J.; Mehta, Varshil; Meier, Toni; Meles, Hagazi Gebre; Melese, Addisu; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, G. K.; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Moazen, Babak; Mohajer, Bahram; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Mohammadi, Moslem; Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam; Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Mokdad, Ali H.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Moreno Velasquez, Ilais; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Muhammed, Oumer Sada; Muruet, Walter; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagel, Gabriele; Naheed, Aliya; Naik, Gurudatta; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Newton, Charles Richard James; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Long Hoang; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nixon, Molly R.; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Oren, Eyal; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; P A, Mahesh; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Pereira, David M.; Petzold, Max; Pillay, Julian David; Piradov, Michael A.; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.; Polinder, Suzanne; Postma, Maarten J.; Poulton, Richie; Poustchi, Hossein; Prakash, Swayam; Prakash, V.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rajati, Fatemeh; Ram, Usha; Ranta, Anna; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Reinig, Nickolas; Reis, Cesar; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaeian, Shahab; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rios Gonzalez, Carlos Miguel; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roro, Elias Merdassa; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Sabbagh, Parisa; Sacco, Ralph L.; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Safari, Hosein; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahathevan, Ramesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salamati, Payman; Salehi Zahabi, Saleh; Salimi, Yahya; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Santos, Itamar S.; Santric Milicevic, Milena M.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Sawhney, Monika; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schottker, Ben; Schwebel, David C.; Seedat, Soraya, 1966-; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shakir, Raad A.; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheth, Kevin N.; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shiue, Ivy; Siabani, Soraya; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silberberg, Donald H.; Silva, Joao Pedro; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Smith, Mari; Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Sobhani, Soheila; Soofi, Moslem; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Sposato, Luciano A.; Stein, Dan J.; Stein, Murray B.; Stokes, Mark A.; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylaja, Pn; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Te Ao, Braden James; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar; Thakur, Jarnail Singh; Thrift, Amanda G.; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Khanh Bao; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Tudor Car, Lorainne; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Ullah, Irfan; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Valdez, Pascual R.; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vasanthan, Rajagopalan; Veisani, Yousef; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Vosoughi, Kia; Vu, Giang Thu; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weiss, Jordan; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Wijeratne, Tissa; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Xu, Gelin; Yadollahpour, Ali; Yamada, Tomohide; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamani, Mohammad; Zandian, Hamed; Zare, Zohreh; Zhang, Yunquan; Zodpey, Sanjay; Naghavi, Mohsen; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Vos, Theo; Gupta, Rahul
    Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable). Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.