Masters Degrees (Journalism)

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Change management in the information age : a case study of a niche publication
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008-03) Strauss, Lizl; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is a study of media management in the publication industry under conditions of rapid environmental change. The study focuses on a particular case, The Mannequin, a niche publication serving many purposes. The study finds that environmental change creates major challenges for commercial survival. Explicit change management procedures are required. The study recommends a set of change management procedures suitable for small, niche market publications. It then recommends avenues for further research.
Choosing to be part of the story : the participation of the South African National Editors’ Forum in the democratising process
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Barratt, Elizabeth; Rabe, Lizette; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
This study aims to locate the South African National Editors’ Forum (Sanef) within South Africa’s transformation from apartheid to a nonracial and constitutional democracy. This entails first examining the potential for participation demonstrated by editors’ societies at different democratic stages and defining the ideal democratic roles of journalism. The recent political history of journalism in the country is summarised to draw out the particular obstacles to editors’ unity and the transformation needs in South Africa’s racialised context. Then the forum’s history from 1995 to 2000 is reconstructed in detail using documentary sources. This covers the formation and launch periods of Sanef, and the next couple of years of the forum’s existence. This study is described as a historical, qualitative inquiry from the inside, observing both the sequence of events and the motives related to the context and to concepts of democratic role. It is unusual in that it is a historical study of a journalism society and it uses journalism theories to guide the research and the analysis. The research shows that despite having to overcome divisive issues from their past, the editors chose to play their part across all democratic roles: liberal, social democratic, neoliberal and participative. Activities were mostly linked to the current democratic stage. Many involved the self-transformation of journalism and journalists, leading to the suggestion of a fifth role for journalism in emerging democracies. However, some Sanef projects were not completed despite their significance for democratic journalism and others had no strategic rationale. This study recommends that Sanef be more strategic in its activities and look to other emerging democracies for appropriate solutions to problems. It is suggested that failing to do so could result in more complex problems for journalism in South Africa in the future. Finally, it is noted that the existence of a stable and prominent forum giving editors, senior journalists and journalism educators a united voice in areas of common interest in itself lends serious weight to their democratic participation.
A comparative study of the factors affecting the growth/development of the rural community newspaper the Zoutpansberger and Mirror, Northern Province
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001-12) Lubinga, Elizabeth Nviri; Rabe, Lizette; Retief, Johan; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The print media, especially newspapers, play an important role in providing information in any society. In the rural communities of South Africa, information available to the people is scanty. Growth of a newspaper is necessary if a newspaper is to fulfil its duties. The Zoutpansberger and Mirror are two of the few local newspapers that circulate in the Far North Region of the Northern Province. The Zoutpansberger, which started in 1985, has experienced negative growth in the various departments of the newspaper, while the Mirror, which started in September 1990, has experienced slow growth. Several factors have been responsible for this. Therefore, there was a need to examine and compare the factors that have affected the growth/development of the newspapers over ten years. The aims and objectives of the study are to examine and compare the factors that affect the growth and development of the Zoutpansberger and Mirror, give suggestions to facilitate future growth and the best ways of utilising the available resources. A literature survey was carried out to get the perspectives of other researchers. Data was collected after conducting personal interviews, using the interview schedule. It was analysed and interpreted with the use of graphs and charts. The findings reveal that economic, social, cultural and geographical factors affect the growth of the newspaper. A few recommendations have been given to highlight ways in which the paper can make full use of the available resources.
Country reputation management : identifying the drivers of South Africa’s reputation in German media
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Christelis, Desiree; Rabe, Lizette; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
Although reputation management has historically been restricted to companies or other organisational entities, countries are also increasingly concerned with their reputation relative to other countries and have started to actively measure and manage that reputation1. Over the past years, the Republic of South Africa has begun to professionally streamline its own reputation management activities, specifically by establishing the International Marketing Committee (IMC) in August 2000. South African Tourism, the media division of the South African diplomatic sector and even South African Airways are other reputation management vehicles that have been working toward emanating a comprehensive marketing and communication message from South Africa to other countries. The basis of good reputation management is to first measure such reputation2. It is also important to know what aspects are the main drivers of such reputation. Using the content of specific German newspapers as data body, this study determines the drivers of South Africa’s media reputation in Germany. In order to accurately set the scene for an analysis of South Africa’s reputation, a thorough situation analysis on the country is conducted. This situation analysis forms the backbone for the methodology used further on to investigate the drivers of South Africa’s reputation in specific German media. To this end, a large part of the situation analysis looks at South Africa in terms of Germany and a study is conducted on the relationship between Germany and South Africa as well as the potential stakeholders of South Africa’s media reputation in Germany. It is also important to know what current efforts in terms of reputation management are. After studying the history of South Africa’s reputation management activities, members of today’s reputation management vehicles are interviewed and an overview of South African reputation management efforts currently active in Germany is provided. The reputation management activities of other countries are briefly explored and specifically the lessons from other countries’ efforts are highlighted. Subsequently, the reputational dimensions that positively or negatively drive South Africa’s reputation in specific German media are determined. To this end, a content analysis is conducted on the seven German national daily newspapers, Börsen- Zeitung, Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Financial Times Deutschland, Handelsblatt and Süddeutsche Zeitung3 over a period of 20 months. The findings made culminate in suggestions for South Africa’s future reputation management activities in Germany.
Criminal constructs: the social construction of crime reporting
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-12) Harrison, Claudia; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One’s understanding of language is socially constructed. One of the factors in the social construction of language is the media. People understand what certain terms mean within the limits defined by the media. However, these meanings are not fixed and can change over time or even from one publication to the next. This study aims to understand how crime journalism uses language to describe the actors in a crime news report; specifically, the victim(s), accused, and criminal(s) respectively. This will be executed by examining to what extent these constructions are the by-product of an understanding (social contract) between journalists and readers, where the one feeds off the other’s general interpretation of certain words and terms. The theoretical frameworks are social construction and the sociology of knowledge, and the research design and methodology are qualitative content analysis and case studies. The study will conclude by suggesting methods for crime journalists to employ language in their reporting that accurately portrays the individuals involved in a case and does not succumb to generalised stereotypes concerning victims, accused, perpetrators, and criminals.
A critique of the rape of justicia, with emphasis on seven cartoons by Zapiro (2008 – 2010)
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010-12) Verster, Francois Philippus; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Regarding the work of Zapiro, a number of articles have been written, but only two postgraduate studies have been completed since 1991. On the Rape of Justicia cartoons, which were conceived recently (2008 - 2010) no academic study has been conducted. In this study seven cartoons by Zapiro are analysed, as indicated by the title and in the text. The theoretical approach for this thesis is founded on the Libertarian and Critical research models, as well as the views of the Cultural history school. As a rese arch methodology the qualitative approach was utilised. As data gathering techniques content analysis was complemented by literary and technical criteria. Interviews of selected informants were used as supplementary instruments. The goal of the study was to determine whether the Rape of Justicia cartoons can be construed as fair criticism, as is normally expected of a political commentator, while taking into account that editorial cartoonists t raditionally occupy a unique position in the field of journalism. The proposed hypothesis of this thesis is that Zapiro acted within his rights as a cartoonist in a democratic country. The conclusion was that Zapiro did not overstep the bounds of freedom of speech, especially not so in his capacity as a visual satirist.
The dog sat on the blog : an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007-03) Hitge, Lize-Mari; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally weblogs have burgeoned since their development in the late nineties. The phenomenon has demystified the technical side of online publishing, allowing individuals without specialised knowledge to create and update their own websites. Weblogs are already used in a number of professional sectors such as journalism, marketing, politics and now also education. This study is approached from a uses and gratifications framework and provides a broad overview of the emergence, structure, applications, pitfalls and future of blogs in education. Weblogs are also investigated in relation to other social software tools and learning theories.
Drukmediageletterdheid in Suid-Afrika : 'n gevallestudie
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004-04) Pretorius, Liesl; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The state of media literacy in South Africa was investigated on the basis of a case study. A survey was conducted among grade 10 learners in two Free State schools which are amongst the top achievers academically to determine if these learners possess the knowledge linked with media literacy. It was found that the majority of these learners do not. It is therefore imperative that the media industry promotes media literacy through assistance to teachers and independent training programmes aimed at learners.
An explorative study of revenue models implemented by three South African news media companies to ensure the survival of their newsrooms in a post-COVID-19 world
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-12) Fild, Lucienne; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Within two weeks of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020, news media companies around the globe lost at least half of their advertising revenue and saw print circulation numbers significantly reduced. By the end of 2020, the world’s news media had suffered revenue losses of around $30 billion. The pandemic did not spare the South African news media and in 2020 several hundred news media jobs were lost while numerous print titles had to close permanently. News media experts agree, however, that the revenue crisis facing news media companies has been at least ten years in the making and that the pandemic simply accelerated an existing problem. With traditional revenue models no longer able to sustain news media companies, there has been a strong shift towards innovating reader revenue models. This study therefore explored the revenue models deployed by three South African news media companies (News24, Arena Holdings and the Daily Maverick) since the start of the pandemic. The main aim was to contribute answers to the central research question of which revenue models are most likely to be supported by South African audiences in a post-COVID-19 world – thereby ensuring the survival of quality journalism in South Africa. The focus on news media business strategies and revenue models places this study in the field of media entrepreneurship and innovation, a sub-field of media management and economics (MME). This study was a mixed method exploratory multi-case study, with the aim of positioning the research as a baseline for future longitudinal research of revenue models deployed by South African news media companies. Mixed method research combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide descriptive and analytical information. The application of both methods made it possible to build a “multi-case” study via semi-structured in-depth interviews, underpinned by quantitative data to illustrate the impact of some of the business decisions taken by the news media companies included in the study. This approach produced three data sets: the revenue model case studies, statistical data, and insights from independent news media experts. The findings highlight the importance of presenting this study as the baseline for a longitudinal study of the same news media companies. Reader revenue models are a relatively new concept worldwide, especially membership revenue models, and South African news media companies are no exception with digital publishers still in the experimental phase of what works. While it is too early to draw conclusions on which revenue models will find support from South African audiences, the findings confirm that the local news media industry is cautiously optimistic that readers are willing to pay for the news. The value of this study lies in presenting candid insights from senior representatives of local news media companies into the strategies driving their revenue models, which they hope will be supported by audiences over time. Not only do these insights contribute data that can be measured over time, but this information also provides important learnings for digital publishers considering reader revenue models.
Fact-checking in the Global South: Facts about non-profit journalism funding models – a case study
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2017-03) Van Wyk, Annamarie; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, fact-checking has grown from an in-house media function to 96 dedicated fact-checking organisations in 37 countries. Three of these organisations, located in the Global South and operating as non-profit organisations, were investigated as a case study for this research project: Africa Check (working from South Africa and Senegal), Chequeado in Argentina, and India’s FactChecker. The goals of this study were to establish how the three organisations are funded, and how the ideals encompassed by social responsibility theory guide their funding aspirations. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with each fact-checking organisation’s founder/executive director, content analysis of relevant pages on the organisations’ websites, documents such as annual reports and budget, as well as media interviews with the founders/executive directors. What emerged is that all three organisations rely on philanthropic grants for most of their income, but in varying degrees, with Africa Check being the most reliant of the three on such funding, and Chequeado the least, as it has the most diverse revenue streams. As for the study’s second goal, the research showed that four of the functions social responsibility theory requires the media to carry out guide the funding aspirations of the three fact-checking organisations studied. These are to supply public affairs information and further debate on these matters, enlighten society, keep watch against government abuses, and ensure financial sustainability to avoid undue pressure from strong supporters. As guided by social responsibility theory the other two functions – to supply advertising and entertainment – are disregarded by the three fact-checking organisations.
The feasibility of regional television (RTV) in South Africa : a study of the official process towards the issuing of licenses for RTV and subsequent developments
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007-03) Robinson, F. J.; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is a qualitative study on the question whether regional television can be feasible in South Africa with particular reference to the official process to introduce regional television (RTV), the various reports and opinions on the subject, new technological developments and the exploration of alternatives. It is an effort to make a contribution towards the debate about how the public broadcaster can deliver better dedicated services to the diverse language groups of the country wherever they live, while also keeping pace with the challenges of an ever changing global digital world. The study indicated that various public broadcasters internationally struggled to find a financially viable model for regional television to serve diverse communities. The general option was the use of “windows” – specific limited time allocated on national networks for regional break-aways. Yet, increasingly technology provided answers but still at a relative expensive fee for the average citizen. In South Africa the windows model was implemented for a limited period between 1996 and 2003. It was discontinued because of lack of financial support from the state. The researcher indicates how the process to implement regional television already started with transformation envisaged in the Independent Broadcasting Authority Act of 1993 through to the Broadcast Amendment Act of 2003 instructing the SABC to apply within nine months to the Independent Broadcasting Authority of South Africa (ICASA) for regional licenses that “should reflect the diversity of all sections of the population and represent the plurality of views and opinions of the audience” (ICASA, 2003a:11). ICASA published its Discussion Paper on Regional Television in September 2003 inviting comments while emphasizing the importance of serving the various language groups and providing local content. It recognised the problems concerning funding. Its Position Paper was released in November 2003. ICASA clearly took the view that the introduction of regional services in the various (especially marginalised) languages were imperative and that it had to be offered to the exclusion of English. The state had to fund the services while advertising would not be permitted. The study was approached within the framework of normative mass media theories, and in particular the developmental theory. Through content analysis the ICASA documents and the SABC’s application for RTV in December 2003 was assessed and the stark points of difference indicated, such as the use of English, local content (especially drama) and advertising income. By using the methodology of in-depth interviews and a social survey based on a structured questionnaire more information and perspective was gained. In its application for regional television the SABC suggested two channels for 10 indigenous languages in the nine provinces delivered through the outdated but cheaper analogue technology. Throughout 2004 ICASA and the SABC communicated in letters and at hearings to resolve differences without much success. The SABC’s main concerns remained funding and the lack of capacity and skills to offer the services required. ICASA decided in June 2005 to grant the SABC two regional licenses without issuing it until the funding issue could be resolved with the state. It relented to allow some advertising but remained opposed to the use of English. Towards the end of the study the researcher gives an overview of the fast developing international trends in digital broadcasting. Various options to serve regional communities are offered. News reports on international trends and the opinions of experts are then related to the situation in South Africa. One conclusion is that the state and the country would have to weigh up the cost of subsidising regional television to other pressing social needs of citizens. It appeared that the cost would be too high in the short term. Preparations for the staging of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa might lay the foundation for more sophisticated and affordable services later.
Flashing boobies and naughty no-no’s: a media-historiographical overview of the pornographic magazine in South Africa, 1939 to 1989
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04) Boonzaier, Christiaan Nicolaas; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pornography in South Africa has only been legal for a mere 16 years, but is preceded by a 126-year history of inutile South African government attempts to suppress and curb it at its borders. To date, pornography as a research field has been largely overlooked by South African researchers, who have either mostly opted to choose fields that are socially more acceptable, or assumed that pornography was not present in the country before the 1980s and 1990s. This research, however, prefers to differ. The study investigates a minute part of a broader scope of pornography history in South Africa, by studying what international and domestic pornographic magazines were first seized and thereafter banned in the country between 1939 and 1989. By theoretically implementing an authoritative theoretical framework, the Annales’s functional structural approach, and applying the historical methodology to unearth unobtrusive historical data, the study compiles a narrative of events that ties a 50-year history of the pornographic magazine in South Africa together. The study eventually identifies 1 033 individual volumes, editions and issues of various pornographic magazine genres, including, among others, pulp and pin-up, naturist and nudist, soft-core, hard-core, male and female homosexual, bisexual, bondage, Asian, female impersonation and biker magazines, of which some, of course, are local South African pornographic magazines.
Die fragmentasie in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark : die invloed van "vrou-gerigte" nistydskrifte op die "tradisionele algemene belangstelling"-vrouetydskrif : gaan die "tradisionele algemene belangstelling" Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrif die vloedgolf nuwe "vrou-gerigte" nistydskrif oorleef?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005-04) Rossouw, Elna; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The appearance and content of magazines in the South African consumer market has changed drastically during the past two decades. Where once only a handful of women’s magazines existed from which readers could choose, shelves in shops today are filled to capacity with glossy publications which address every possible need, interest and desire of feminine readers. This diversification in the South African women’s magazine market happened almost overnight and there is no doubt that the advent of the niche market of women-focused magazines has changed the landscape of the South African magazine. The established traditional women’s magazine of broad general interest had to take cognizance meticulously of the worldwide trend and of various economical, political and socio-cultural factors influencing the successful publication of women’s magazines locally. The aim of this study is to see how the advent and growth of niche-market magazines focused exclusively on matters of interest specifically to women such as home, décor, garden, food, health, lifestyle, handcrafts and parenting have affected the world of the “traditional” South African women’s magazine. The researcher endeavours to answer the question as to whether the traditional women’s magazine of general interest can survive the flood of new “women-directed” magazines and has concluded that in order not only to survive, but to maintain necessary profit margins, the traditional general interest women’s magazine is going to have to adapt its contents urgently and continuously to the needs of its readers.
The fragmentation of the South African magazine market : the spawning of niches
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008-12) Voigt, Caryn; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
During the first five to six years of the twenty-first century, the South African magazine industry fragmented at a rapid rate and consumers had an ever-expanding choice of titles. The spawning of niche markets as a result of this fragmentation was bolstered by a period of sustained growth in the South African economy, buoyed by conditions in global economic markets. The research assignment focuses on the fragmentation of the South African magazine market and the subsequent spawning of niche markets. The decline in the market that followed the period of sustained growth is also taken into account. Qualitative research methodology was used to investigate the research question. The broad theoretical frameworks applied are postmodernism, the fragmentation that occurs as a result of postmodernism, and specifically the political economy of the media. The short-term and long-term challenges for magazines are discussed. These include increased competition, greater consolidation, decreasing adspend, diminishing marketshare, and the arrival of broadband in South Africa. Within the context of greater fragmentation and increased competition, it is found that the increase in the number of magazine titles starts to slow, and eventually show negative growth. This is a result of the global and local economic climate, as well as elements within the political economy of the media, namely consolidation and concentration of ownership within the local industry.
Herposisionering/vernuwing in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark, met spesifieke verwysing na innoverende inhoud
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004-12) Townsend, Stephanie; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This project was undertaken in order to investigate the phenomenon of repositioning/rejuvenation in the South African women magazine industry, rooi rose and SARIE in particular. These two women magazines, already in a mature phase and seemingly showing very little difference in identity, have been constantly competing with one another for many years. One of the goals of the study is to determine whether the manner in which repositioning is applied would be a sustainable solution and/or whether, considering the saturated market in SA, this would be the sole solution. Hypothetically speaking, the recipe for success may be embedded in new or innovative information and information to support the adopting process of the reader. The Diffusion of Innovation theory is used as the theoretical platform. A content analysis of rooi rose and SARIE for the period July 2002 to December 2003 has been conducted and applied to seven categories. The data has been scientifically analysed using the Student’s t-test. It emerged from the quantitative study that no correlation could be found between innovative content and content supporting the adopting process, and the fluctuation of the ABC figures during that time period. By no means is this an indication that innovative content does not play an important role in the editorial mix, only that SARIE’s better performance since its repositioning should be attributed to other factors. The two magazines are almost similar in terms of positioning, content and target market. For this reason, the role that publicity plays at the launch of each monthly issue should not be underestimated. The Afrikaans women magazine market shows meagre growth that points publishers into other directions such as the expats market, for future growth and survival. Finally, the general interest women magazine should seriously consider her own role in providing innovative information for her reader in order to counter the strong upcoming niche magazine market, which seems to have taken over this very important function of providing innovative information and content supporting the adoption process. In the meantime, change as the only constant means that repositioning or rejuvenation is a given factor in the game of survival.
The impact of tabloidisation on the South African press
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004-04) Holt, Billie-Jean; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The advancement of news technology in the last few decades has lead to an information explosion of an unprecedented scope. Twenty-four hour a day news channels, electronic publications, the Internet, and a proliferation of print publications feed this media explosion. Coupled with this has been the growth of a celebrity culture, where the lives of the rich and famous have been placed under intense scrutiny. Commercial interests also have to be taken into account. It is conventional wisdom that sensational news sells newspapers. This news is not limited to celebrity news, but encompasses crime reporting as well as high profile scandals affecting ordinary people. As the news becomes more ubiquitous, the competition becomes tougher and the pressure to print what sells grows. The other commercial pressure is that of the marketers of the entertainment industry who have a vested interest in having the stars of their movies, music and television shows enjoy a high media profile. This study aims to determine whether the South Africa media has shown a trend towards reporting a more sensational and celebrity based form of news. It seeks to discover whether the South African news has become tabloidised. This will be done by analysing the content and presentation of the front page of The Cape Times, a Cape Town based broadsheet, over the period of several years. This will be used as a measure to determine whether or not the content and form of the South African media is following a trend to tabloidisation.
In focus: A historical narrative of the life and work of pioneer news photographer Yunus Mohamed
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2023-03 ) Smit, Paula-Ann; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The significance of this historical narrative study lies in its examination of the life and work of Yunus Mohamed, a South African news photographer whose photographic contributions were integral to the documentation of the anti-apartheid struggle and the portrayal of the everyday lives of marginalised communities. This study highlights Mohamed’s role as a pioneering figure in the South African news photography landscape and emphasises his substantial contributions to the field of South African news photography. Born of Cape Malay heritage in 1955 and, under apartheid regulations, classified as “Coloured”, Mohamed persisted in completing high school – despite having to drop out for a period to support his family financially – and training as a photographer. Realising photography’s impact in raising awareness against apartheid, Mohamed joined the Struggle as a photographer of political events and protests for the South African Islamic anti-apartheid organisation Call of Islam. As of 1987, he continued this work as a news photographer at the anti-apartheid newspaper South. Here, he played an essential role in capturing events opposing apartheid and the everyday stories of marginalised communities. Mohamed worked at South until the end of apartheid and the newspaper’s subsequent closure in 1995. Thereafter, he continued to contribute to the South African news photography landscape at the Afrikaans newspaper Die Burger. In a career at the publication that spanned 21 years, Mohamed climbed the ranks to become chief photographer of both Die Burger and the Western Cape office of Rapport. From capturing impactful images of unrest during the height of apartheid to photographing Nelson Mandela’s first speech after his release on 11 February 1990, Mohamed has provided South Africa with a powerful visual record that encapsulates a country’s past. In using historical narrative as theoretical foundation and a case study as method of investigation, this study concludes that, due to his dedication and contribution to the South African news photography landscape, Mohamed can be considered a pioneer news photographer.
An Internet strategy for a niche magazine : a uses and gratifications approach
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010-03) Ekron, Zigi; Rabe, Lizette; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
Magazine publishers are under increasing pressure to extend their business strategies beyond the traditional printed products. A culture of instant gratification of media needs, pervasive social networking and the immediacy of content delivery, which are all provided by the World Wide Web, aggravate fears that readers will ultimately abandon the printed media in favour of the Internet as the primary content provider. These fears are rooted in the assumption that consumers choose the media they use based on preconceived ideas as to how these media will fulfil their needs. If the Internet succeeds in supplanting or displacing printed media, it could potentially destroy the traditional magazine model whereby publishers simultaneously generate revenue from the sale of media content to their audience and the sale of the audience’s attention to their advertisers. Therefore it is imperative that magazine publishers develop a relevant and efficient strategy to maintain their position as “intermediary” between advertisers and the media audience. To develop such a strategy, they need to understand what media uses consumers have for the Internet and what gratifications they expect to receive. Once this is understood, publishers could develop their online and offline strategies to service these uses and gratifications. This thesis contains qualitative research conducted in a phenomenological paradigm through the application of two descriptive surveys. The first survey focused on the experiences and attitudes of visitors to the website of WegSleep, an Afrikaans South African niche magazine for the caravanning and camping community, whilst the second compares similarities between the seven most visited magazine websites in South Africa during 2008. A correlation of the findings leads to the conclusion that although the Internet could potentially emulate all media, readers do not employ the Internet for exactly the same purposes as printed media. Whilst some displacement does take place, magazines are still better at serving readers’ affective and escapist needs. Conversely, the Internet is the preferred medium with regard to information gathering and cognitive media needs as well as personal integrative needs. Social integrative needs appear to be non medium specific. A complementary combination of the printed product and the online offering could therefore provide gratification of all media needs and promote brand loyalty instead of medium loyalty.
Internet-regulering in Suid-Afrika : staat of internasionaal?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003-04) Amoraal, Lezel; Rabe, Lizette; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet has become such an integral part of computer users' daily existence that it seems as if it has always been there. The Internet with its unique borders - or lack of borders - places an enormous burden on geographically based legal systems. Regulation, that has specifically been designed for the Internet, is a necessity because virtually every aspect of the law is challenged by the Internet and that many legal frameworks are inadequate to deal with the Internet. The other aspect which complicates the Internet even more, is that there is no specific organisation, business or government to whom the Internet belongs. Individuals and organisations have rights to the web pages that they own on the Internet, but there is no ownership of the Internet in its entirety. The development of the Internet in South Africa took place during a difficult time in the country's history. The apartheid era initially limited the growth of the Internet. Much of the existing legislation in South Africa has been partially adapted to accommodate the Internet, but the government could not envisage what the actual impact of the Internet would be and consequently they reacted when it came to the regulation of the Internet. In 2002 the Electronic Communication and Transaction Act 25 of2002 came into operation. In fact, the physical component of the Internet has already been regulated to a degree by the pure coincidence as a result of its physical presence. This is because the backbone of the Internet had not originally been created by the Internet, but by the telephone. There are a number of legislative Internet-organisations that are, among others, responsible for the technical standards of the Internet, dispute resolutions and in general what is important for the Internet community. Various international conventions regulate specific aspects of the Internet such as copyright, intellectual property rights, domain names, trademarks and cyber crime. The international conventions and agreements are an important step in the direction of standardised regulation. However, the lack of borders creates problems surrounding jurisdiction of the cyber space.
Is tieners NUUS-kierig? : 'n studie om te bepaal of ’n mark vir ’n Afrikaanse jeugnuusbron bestaan
(Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006-03) Botha, Benescke; Rabe, Lizette; University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Journalism.
Do young people have any news interest? Which subjects interest them most and what is their medium of preference? In order to answer these questions, research was done on news reading trends of young people – both nationally and internationally. A questionnaire was completed by 180 grade 11 scholars from the Western Cape, the Free State and Gauteng. The results of the different provinces are compared in this study to monitor newstrends nationally. The child’s cognitive development phase has an influence on nurturing healthy (news)reading habits. In this study the correlation is explored by using Jean Piaget’s (1896-1980) theory of cognitive development stages. From interviews with the JIP supplement editors (Beeld, Burger and Volksblad), as well as the cell phone companies (MTN, Vodacom en Cell C) the biggest obstacles and possible strategies to draw young readers were identified. In this work the public’s need for media, as well as the influence of the media on the society (especially the youth) is discussed by looking at Fourie’s (2001) model of short term and long term influences of media on the society. The study showed that the majority of young people see one news bulletin (newspaper, television and/or radio) per week as sufficient. Research results indicated that the medium of preference for news headlines among young people is SMS. Just less than half of the respondents are willing to pay for such a service. The second medium of preference to receive news is noted as youth newspapers. The main news subjects amongst the youth is entertainment, followed by sport and sosial issues. Political and international news seems to be less popular amongs this group.

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