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Referencing: Indirect quotations
 
     

Direct Quotations Indirect Quotations Styles

When you make an indirect quotation you use your own words to explain someone else's ideas.

How do you do this:
• By paraphrasing (using your own words to express the ideas or theories of someone else)
• You therefore do not use quotation marks.
e.g.
1. Malie (2002) believes that many more baby boys will be born in this year than ever before. In this case, the author’s name does not need to appear in the brackets because it is part of the sentence.

2. Many boys will be born this year than ever before.(Malie: 2000, p.85) In this instance the author’s name appears in the brackets because it is not used in the sentence.

Both direct and indirect quotations have to be acknowledged not only in the text of your essays but also at the end of the essay in a list. This is the Reference or Bibliography list. We shall now consider this. Please consult your lecturer for advise on the type of referencing style to use for your field.

 
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