The absence of a system of internal controls in South African Administrative Law, in light of Section 7(2) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000

Date
2020-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 33 of the Constitution envisions a lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair manner of obtaining administrative justice. Coupled with the project of Transformative Constitutionalism, which seeks to create a culture of justification, the hope was that South Africa’s public administration would become more open, accountable and efficient. The primary mechanism through which the above occurs, is judicial review. However, its time-consuming and costly nature means that a large portion of South African society cannot gain access to the court system. Furthermore, courts have often held that the public administration is better suited to deal with certain matters, as courts may lack the necessary expertise to address a particular administrative matter adequately. Thus, there is a need to find alternative methods for holding the public administration accountable. One such method, is by way of the exhaustion of internal remedies. Section 7(2)(a) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 holds that an applicant for judicial review must first exhaust any and all available internal remedies before approaching a review court. Should the applicant fail to do so, the court is obliged to direct said applicant to first exhaust the available internal remedies (section 7(2)(b)), unless the court grants an exemption (section 7(2)(c)). However, members of the public have no general right to an internal remedy, nor is there a duty on the state to provide an aggrieved party with one. South African administrative law currently lacks a uniform system of internal controls (remedies), and whether or not an aggrieved party will have an internal remedy to exhaust, will depend on the context of each case. Accordingly, this thesis argues in favour of the creation and implementation of a uniform system of internal controls by the state, by relying on four main points: (a) section 33 of the Constitution; (b) the project of Transformative Constitutionalism; (c) the impact of poverty on the attainment of administrative justice; and (d) the duty to exhaust domestic remedies under international law. Should the above argument be accepted, then focus must shift to the content and scope of an effective internal remedy. By way of analysis of various statutory frameworks containing existing internal remedies, nine criteria are identified, which should inform the decision-making of the state when formulating the content and scope of an effective internal remedy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 33 van die Grondwet poog om te verseker dat administratiewe geregtigheid geskied op ‘n wyse wat regmatig, redelik en prosedureel bilik is. Tesame met die projek van Transformatiewe Grondwetlikheid wat ‘n kultuur van regverdiging tot stand wil bring, was die hoop dat die publieke administrasie meer toeganklik, aanspreeklik en doeltreffend sou funksioneer. Die primêre meganisme om die bogenoemde te bereik, is geregtelike hersiening. Tog, die tyd- en duursame wyse daarvan beteken dat ‘n groot deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse publiek sukkel om toegang tot die regsisteem te kry. Verder het howe ook reeds bevind dat die publieke administrasie meer geskik is om sekere probleme op te los, aangesien howe soms nie die nodige kennis het om sekere administratiewe kwessies suksesvol op te los nie. Alternatiewe metodes moet dus gevind word om die publieke administrasie verantwoordelik te hou. Een so metode is by wyse van die uitputting van interne remedies. Artikel 7(2)(a) van die Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 van 2000 vereis dat ‘n applikant vir geregtelike hersiening eers beskikbare interne remedies moet uitput voor die hof genader word. Sou die applikant dit nie doen nie, moet die hof weier om die saak aan te hoor todat relevante interne remedies uitgeput is (artikel 7(2)(b)), tensy die hof ‘n uitsondering toestaan (artikel 7(2)(c)). Ten spyte van die bogenoemde, het die publiek steeds geen algemene reg tot ‘n interne remedie nie, en daar is ook geen plig op die staat om ‘n gegriefde party met een te verskaf nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse administratiefreg het tans geen uniforme sisteem van interne kontrole (remedies) nie. Dit beteken dat die beskikbaarheid van interne remedies streng sal afhang van die konteks van elke saak. Gevolglik is hierdie tesis ten gunste van die skepping en implementering van ‘n uniforme sisteem van interne kontrole deur die staat, en steun op vier hoof argumente daarvoor: (a) artikel 33 van die Grondwet; (b) die projek van Transformatiewe Grondwetlikheid; (c) die impak van armoede op administratiewe geregtelikheid; en (d) die plig onder internasionale reg om binnelandse remedies uit te put. Sou die bogenoemde argument aanvaar word, moet fokus skuif na die inhoud en omvang van ‘n effektiewe interne remedie. By wyse van ‘n analise van ‘n aantal statutêre raamwerke wat bestaande interne remedies bevat, word nege kriteria geïdentifiseer waarop die staat kan steun wanneer die inhoud en omvang van ‘n effektiewe interne remedie bepaal word.
Description
Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3, Section 7(2) of 2000, Administrative law -- South Africa, South Africa -- Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, 2000, Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa, Administrative remedies -- South Africa, UCTD
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