The experiences of nurse managers on health system barriers and enablers to the empowerment and subsequent career advancement of nurses

Date
2023-03
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Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background - Promoting nurse empowerment is a critical responsibility of a nurse manager. Accordingly, the nurse manager must use the power contained in her position to enhance worker productivity through the mobilisation of workplace resources such as information sharing, support, resources and opportunities (structural empowerment). The nurse manager must also focus on cognitions of competence, impact, meaning and self-determination (psychological empowerment). However, nurse managers face systemic barriers in healthcare such as resource constraints, leadership incapacities, demanding workloads and political interferences that have an adverse influence on the empowerment process. Aim - The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of nurse managers on the health system barriers and enablers that influence their duties to empower and advance nursing staff. The research objectives were: - To gain an understanding of how the hospital’s empowerment structures facilitate nursing staff empowerment and career advancement. - To explore the nurse managers’ experiences in their role of providing nurses access to power structures in the workplace. - To get insight into the possible barriers to nurse empowerment and advancement that may exist in the hospital. Method - A qualitative design with an interpretative phenomenological approach was employed. The study was conducted at a central public hospital in the Cape Metropole in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The sample comprised of 11 nurse managers from three tiers of nursing management employed at the study centre. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was applied to ensemble the study sample. Data analysis was done by applying Max Van Manen’s interpretative phenomenological approach. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University and institutional permission from the study centre. Participants provided written consent to participate in the study. Data collection took format of individual virtual interviews guided by a semi-structured interview guide and using Carl Roger’s technique of reflection. Trustworthiness of the study was enhanced by applying the principles of credibility, dependability, conformability, transferability and authenticity. Results - Four main themes with fifteen subthemes emerged from the data. The results showed that access to empowerment structures is accompanied with difficulties that have an adverse influence on the success of empowerment. Nurse managers acknowledge their responsibility towards their nurse subordinates of creating and sustaining opportunities for growth and development that will increase their chances of ascending the career ladder. However, they realised that this process is challenging and expressed a need for support to effectively discharge this responsibility. The findings also highlighted the challenges of human and budgetary constraints, demanding workloads, disengagement of staff, political and cultural issues, centralisation of power which slows down the process of empowerment. These challenges created barriers to nurse managers in the execution of their responsibility to empower the nursing staff.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond - Die bevordering van verpleegstersbemagtiging is ʼn kritiese verantwoordelikhed van ʼn verpleegbestuurder. Gevolglik moet die verpleegbestuurder die mag wat haar posisie het, gebruik om produktiwiteit in die werksplek te bevorder deur inligting oor te dra, ondersteuning en hulpbronne aan te bied en geleenthede vir groei (strukturele bemagtiging) aan verpleegpersoneel te skep. Die verpleegbestuurder moet ook fokus op persepsies van bevoegdheid, impak, betekenis en self-beslissing (sielkundige bemagtiging). In die uitvoering van hierdie taak, word die verpleegbestuurder egter deur sistemiese uitdagings soos n tekort aan hulpbronne, leierskap onbevoegdheid, veeleisende werksladings en politieke inmenging gekonfronteer, wat ʼn negatiewe invloed op die bemagtigingsproses het. Doel - Die doel van die studie was om die lewenservaringe van verpleegbestuurders aangaande obstruksies en fasiliteerders in die gesondheidssisteem wat ʼn invloed het op hul taak om verpleegpersoneel te bemagtig en te bevorder, te verken. Die navorsingsdoelwitte was: - Om te verstaan hoe die hospitaal se bemagtigingstrukture bemagtiging en bevordering van verpleegkundiges instaat stel. - Om die ervaringe van verpleegbestuurders in hulle rol om verpleegkundiges toegang tot magstrukture in die werksplek te bied, te verken. - Om insig oor die bestaan van moontlike obstruksies in die bemagtiging van verpleegkundiges in die hospitaal te verkry. Metode - ʼn Kwalitatiewe ontwerp met ʼn interpreterende fenomenologiese benadering was gebruik. Die studie was onderneem in ʼn Suid Afrikaanse, sentrale publieke hospitaal, gelee in die Kaapse Metropool van die Wes-Kaapprovinsie. Die steekproef het uit 11 verpleegbestuurders, vanuit drie bestuursvlakke, werksaam by die studie sentrum, bestaan. Doelgerigte steekproefneming met maksimale variasie was gebruik om die steekproef te verkry. Data analise was gedoen deur Max Van Manen’s interpreterende fenomenologiese benadering te gebruik. approach Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vanaf die Gesondheidsnavorsing Etiese Komitee van Stellenbosch Universiteit en instansie goedkeuring by die studie sentrum self. Studiedeelnemers het geskrewe toestemming voorsien om aan die studue deel te neem. Dataversameling was uitgevoer deur individuele afstandsonderhoude, ʼn semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudsgids en Carl Roger’s se tegniek van refleksie, te gebruik. Die betroubaarheid van die studie was bevorder deur die beginsels van geloofwaardigheid, aanvaarbaarheid, ooreenstemming, oordraagbaarheid en egtheid toe te pas. Resultate - Vier hooftemas met vyftien sub-temas het uit die data-analise voortgespruit. Die resultate dui daarop dat bemagtigingstrukture gepaard gaan met probleme wat ʼn negatiewe invloed op die sukses van bematiging het. Verpleegbestuurders is bewus van hul verantwoordelikheid om geleenthede vir die groei en ontwikkeling van verpleegpersoneel te skep en te onderhou, maar erken dat vanwee die uitdagings wat daarmee gepaard gaan, hulle ondersteuning benodig om die verantwoordelikheid effektief te verrig. Die verpleegbestuurders erken ook dat hierdie geleenthede die kanse vir bevordering van verpleegpersoneel verbeter. Verder, is daar bevind dat die verpleegbestuurders uitdagings soos personeel en finansiele tekorte, veeleisende werksladings, personeel onbetrokkenheid, politieke en kulturele kwessies asook sentralisering van mag in die werksplek ervaar. Hierdie uitdagings vertraag die bemagtigingsproses en belemmer die pogings van verpleegbestuurders om hul taak effektief uit te voer.
Description
Thesis (MNur)--Stellenbosch University, 2023.
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