The knowledge, attitude and practice of health and skincare therapists at accredited clinics around South Africa with regard to nutrition

Date
2010-03
Authors
Rademeyer, Catharina Elizabeth
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
Abstract
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The inclusion of nutrition in the national syllabus for health and skincare therapists indicates the realisation of its importance within this industry. Health and skincare therapists should be able to observe any adverse skin condition as a result of a dysfunctional homeostatic relationship between the skin and internal body systems. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices of health and skincare therapists working in accredited clinics in South Africa. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Two hundred and forty-five questionnaires were sent to 54 SAAHSP accredited clinics around South Africa. Data analysis was performed using the 73 completed questionnaires, representing a response rate of 29.8%. A further 22 therapists participated in focus group discussions and 7 experts in the field of nutrition and skincare acted as the expert panel and participated in in-depth interviews. A self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practices was developed, based on the national syllabus. The 56-item questionnaire consisted of 10 demographic questions, 30 nutrition knowledge questions (selected by the expert panel from a pool of 96 questions), 10 attitude statements and 6 practice questions. The questionnaires were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean total knowledge score of the respondents was 64.4% (SD 0.11) indicating a level of knowledge above the required pass percentage of 60% for a SAAHSP qualification. Therapists with a CIDESCO qualification had a statistically significant higher total knowledge score. The mean score for the therapists’ nutritional knowledge related to skincare was 47.5%, but their attitudes and their ability to advise clients about nutrition were mostly positive, with at least 61% and 69% of the therapists respectively agreeing with the statements. Fifty-six therapists (77%) felt that more intense theoretical nutrition training was needed and 83.3% agreed that more intense practical application of nutritional knowledge is needed at health and skincare institutes. Consistent with the majority’s opinion (82%) that nutritional counseling should form part of treatment, 59% and 63% offer nutritional counseling during body and facial treatment respectively. Therapists gain their nutritional knowledge predominantly from newspapers and magazines. The themes highlighted during the focus group discussions included the influence of training institutions on nutritional knowledge, the importance of client consultation, but the lack of time to perform these and the need for educational opportunities in the professional industry. During the in-depth interviews, the experts highlighted the purpose of nutrition in the industry, nutritional responsibility, training and counseling of therapists as well as the SAAHSP syllabus. Therapists’ understanding of the scientific functioning of nutrients and their nutritional knowledge regarding skincare is a cause for concern. Their lack of confidence in providing clients with nutritional advice, especially regarding skincare; despite their perception that they have sufficient knowledge in this regard, reveals their inability to apply nutritional knowledge in practice. Recommendations to governing bodies and educators responsible for the development and implementation of the national syllabus are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die opname van voeding in die nasionale sillabus vir gesondheids- en velsorgterapeute dui op die bewuswording van waarde daarvan in die industrie. Gesondheids- en velsorgterapeute behoort enige ongunstige veltoestand as ‘n nagevolg van gebrekkige homeostatiese verhoudings tussen die vel en interne liggaamssisteme, te identifiseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die kennis van voeding, houdings en praktyke van gesondheids- en velsorgterapeute werksaam in geakkrediteerde klinieke in Suid Afrika, te assesseer. Hierdie was ‘n dwarsprofiel, beskrywende studie wat beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data insamelingsmetodes gebruik het. Twee honderd vyf-en-veertig vraelyste is na 54 SAAHSP geakkrediteerde klinieke in Suid Afrika gestuur. Die 73 voltooide vraelyste, wat ‘n reaksiekoers van 29.8% verteenwoordig, is vir data- analise gebruik. ‘n Verdere 22 terapeute het aan fokusgroep besprekings deelgeneem en 7 kenners op die gebied van voeding en velsorg het as die spesialis paneel opgetree en aan ‘n in-diepte onderhoude deelgeneem. ‘n Self geadministreerde kennis, houding en praktyk vraelys is op grond van die nasionale sillabus ontwikkel. Die 56-item vraelys het uit 10 demografiese vrae, 30 voedingkennis vrae (wat deur die spesialis paneel vanuit ‘n poel van 96 vrae uitgekies is), 10 houdingstellings en 6 praktyk vrae bestaan. Beskrywende sowel as afleibare statistiek is vir die analise van vraelyste gebruik. Die gemiddelde totale kennistelling van die respondente was 64.4% (SD 0.11), wat ‘n kennisvlak bo die verwagte slaagpersentasie van 60% vir ‘n SAAHSP kwalifikasie aandui. Terapeute wat ‘n CIDESCO kwalifikasie verwerf het, het statisties ‘n beduidende hoër totale kennistelling verwerf. Die terapeute se gemiddelde kennistelling aangaande velsorg was 47.5%, maar hul houdings en vermoë om kliënte rakende voeding te adviseer was meestal positief met onderskeidelik 61% en 69% van terapeute wat met die stellings saamgestem het. Ses-envyftig terapeute (77%) was van mening dat meer intense teoretiese opleiding nodig is en 83.3% het saamgestem dat meer intense praktiese toepassing van voedingskennis by gesondheid- en velsorginstansies nodig is. Konsekwent met die meerderheid (82%) se opinie dat voedingsraadgewing deel van behandelings moet uitmaak, bied 59% en 63% voedingsraadgewing tydens liggaam- en gesigbehandelings aan. Terapeute bekom hul voedingkennis hoofsaaklik van koerante en tydskrifte. Temas wat tydens fokusgroepbesprekings beklemtoon is, het die invloed van opleidingsinstansies op die voedingkennis, die belangrikheid van kliënte konsultasies, maar die gebrek aan tyd om dit uit te voer én die behoefte aan opvoedkundige geleenthede in die professionele industrie, ingesluit. Tydens die in-diepte onderhoude het die spesialiste die doel van voeding in die industrie, terapeute se verantwoordelikheid, opleiding en raadgewing ten opsigte van voeding, sowel as die SAAHSP sillabus beklemtoon. Terapeute se begrip van die wetenskaplike funksionering van nutriënte en hul voedingkennis ten opsigte van velsorg is ‘n bron van kommer. Hul gebrek aan vertroue tydens die verskaffing van voedingsadvies, spesifiek aangaande velsorg; ondanks hul persepsie dat hul voldoende kennis in die verband het, openbaar hul onvermoë om voedingkennis in die praktyk aan te wend. Aanbevelings vir die beheerliggame en opvoeders veranwoordelik vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van die nasionale sillabus, word gemaak.
Description
Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
Keywords
KAP, Health and skincare therapists -- Nutrition, Dissertations -- Nutrition, Theses -- Nutrition
Citation