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- ItemBecoming and Unbecoming: A critical cartography of a student journey through the Fallist period(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-12) Durrheim, Anna Ruth; Perold-Bull, Karolien; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Visual Arts.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's 'born-free' generation - those who were born during the country's transition to democracy - were reaching adulthood in the early 201 Os. In the years that followed, this new, post-Apartheid generation would enter the university system to claim the promise Of equal education and a better future that had been made in 1994. This promise had been broken as many black students faced social and economic barriers within the higher education System. The year 2015 witnessed the emergence Of a series protests at South Africa universities which addressed these issues Of exclusion through a movement known as Fallism. This research project is concerned with the initial protests that destabilised some Of the most prestigious South African universities. These included the #RhodesMustFall (RMF) and #FeesMustFall (FMF) protests, from which the name 'Fallism' was derived. Both Of these movements aimed at addressing issues Of access to higher education, while also calling attention to the pervasiveness Of colonial ideals which continued to privilege the country's white minority. Through the use Of Rosi Braidotti's (2014) cartographic methodology, this research project aims to situate Fallism socio-politically and historically. This will attempt to track the various actors and timelines that converged to create the movement in 2015. The movement embodied processes Of both becoming and unbecoming as institutions and students reckoned with who they are in the world, and who they want to become. Fallism will be discussed using Anuro Escobar's (2012 & 2018) theories Of Ontological design and how they function within the university space. The Fallist protests were both driven and documented through the use Online platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. This reflected a global trend Of activism, as discussed by Manuel Castells (2015). The research aims to consider Fallism in relation to social media and the Internet, exploring the digital space as a site Of both action and memory. The research questions what insights can be revealed from a cartographic exploration of Fallism, as it connects to both the past and to our future, thus giving us navigational tools for the present. As a researcher, I am part of the privileged white minority who was challenged by the Fallist discourse. Therefore I aim to situate myself in relation to the Fallist context through the use of auto-ethnography and digital storytelling. This journey is explored through the creation of a multi-layered digital story that makes use of found and original imagery to find connections between memory, media and theory.
- ItemDrugs, death squads and politicians : the rise of non-state armed actors in Rio de Janeiro(2019-12) Van Dalen, Daniel; Van der Westhuizen, Janis; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Political Studies.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research presented serves to illuminate historical state actions that allowed for non-state armed actors to rise to prominence in Rio de Janeiro, specifically between 1964 to 2018. This is done by working through the research question: Why and How Have Non-State Armed Actors Emerged in Rio de Janeiro? Numerous geographic locations, specifically the favelas – informal housing- of Rio de Janeiro are under the control of traffickers and rogue police units. How does this happen in the world’s 9th largest economy? Previously the topic of non-state armed actors in Rio de Janeiro has been examined from sociological and anthropological approaches. This research addresses the topic from a political science focus by making use of a variety of state-focused and state societal relations theories. A single case study, exploratory design was chosen to provide an in-depth approach to the topic which had received little attention in the field of political science. Since no single theory allowed the topic to be explored in-depth, a framework was developed based on a variety of state-focused and state societal relations theories. Due to the lack of English literature available on certain topics, a combination of desktop and field research was required, which entailed spending one month in Rio de Janeiro, speaking to a variety of stakeholders. Each case study chapter explores a specific time period, highlighting key political, societal and economic events that took place. The events are examined through the lens of the created framework to explore how these actions created the context for non-state armed actors such as trafficking groups and rogue police units, or rather militias, to control segments of territory in Rio de Janeiro. While each chapter provides different time periods, there were salient consistencies. Historical police brutality, alienating favela residents, poor economic decision making by the state, and the lack of survival mechanisms for those living in poverty created the context for another actor to fill the void left by the state. By providing resources such as physical security, economic opportunities and infrastructure upgrades, traffickers won favour from favela residents. Over time rogue policing units, or known as militias, would combat trafficker control of favelas through coercive means. Once under control, there would be protection taxes and the control of service and commodities. The traffickers and the militias were able to garner support and control over geographic areas within Rio de Janeiro through either coercive means or the provision of resources. This could only be done because the state had failed to provide an environment of survivability for its most vulnerable citizens while being unable to effectively control the emergence and growth of non-state armed actors.
- ItemThe influence of cultural beliefs on social work intervention in mental health: views of frontline social workers(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-12) Blight, Keagan Brenlynn; Zimba, Zibonele France; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Social Work.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the known influence culture has on the lives of all individuals, social work and many other disciplines, no other variable is so poorly informed and untested as culture. There is also a need to shift research to focus on intervention and include evaluations of evidence-based cultural appropriate methods of assisting individuals. In turn, this study aimed to investigate the influence of cultural beliefs on social work intervention in mental health. A clear focus was placed on mental health due to the acknowledgment of mental health being a significant public health issue in South Africa. A qualitative research approach was used for this study. This assisted in attaining in-depth accounts of the participants’ views. Both descriptive and exploratory research designs were utilised for this study. These designs further substantiated the need for attaining varying narratives from the participants. Furthermore, a purposive sampling method was used under which a criterion for inclusion was established. Fifteen participants were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview schedule, attached as Annexure B. Following this, the attained data was transcribed and thereafter analysed using thematic analysis. Based on t hese results, the main conclusions drawn from the findings included that social workers may not have a clear understanding of culture. Also, the caseloads of social workers negatively impact their intervention and therewith their ability to acknowledge culture and cultural beliefs in social work intervention. This is of great concern in the context of South Africa where approximately 30 cultural groups exist and where mental health statistics are rife. In light of the aforementioned, it is recommended that tertiary educational institutions include culture and its components (like cultural beliefs) more extensively into the curricula thus including in a student’s practice education. Moreover, The South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP) and the National Department of Social Development should address the workload and working conditions of all social workers. This may assist social workers in developing their ability to acknowledge culture and cultural beliefs in social work intervention.
- Item“Let me live” - Exploring a Group of Bisexual SA University Students' Experiences in their Various Communities(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2022-04) Slabbert, Philip Neethling; Van Wyk, Sherine Bronvin; Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Psychology.ENGLISH SUMMARY: An expanding body of international literature has identified dual-sourced binegativity from straight and gay/lesbian individuals as a risk factor for the mental health disparities among bisexual individuals, compared to straight and gay/lesbian individuals’ experiences. Existing studies frequently attribute these disparities to bisexual specific minority stressors, including erasure, as well as invisibility and invalidation due to bisexual incomprehensibility. In South Africa, there is a lack of research into bisexual individuals’ experiences because data about bisexual individuals have frequently not been differentiated from gay men or lesbian women. My qualitative study aimed to address the knowledge gap by exploring self-identified bisexual university students’ lived experiences of their bisexuality, including experiences of binegativity and support within their family and community environments, among their university peers, and within the queer community. A group of 12 self-identified bi-individuals registered at a South African university, diverse in terms of their sex, race, religious background, and age, participated in this study. After receiving institutional permission and ethical clearance from the university’s Research Ethics Committee, I conducted virtual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with each participant. I managed the data using Atlas.ti and applied reflexive thematic analysis and an inductive approach to the qualitative data. I used a queer epistemological framework to conceptualise and understand the participants’ experiences, and a queered social constructionist paradigm informed my methodological approach. From the data, I generated five key themes: (1) isolation on the margins of normativity; (2) erasure through gendering; (3) playing with the closet; (4) barriers to bisexual identity development; and (5) unlearning binegativity. These themes evidenced how regimes of power/knowledge rooted in dominant norms and confirmed the prevalence of dualbinegativity that keep these participants in their proper straight or gay/lesbian place. This influences participants to internalise these norms and engage in self-policing. Consequently, revealing one’s sexual orientation becomes a complex interplay of strategic outness and concealment according to contextual variables, as opposed to a one-time event. Furthermore, continual exposure to dual-sourced binegativity is evidently internalised. Internalised binegativity affected participants’ interaction with their environment and their perception of their sexual orientation. They reported how subscribing to dominant norms increased feelings of shame and self-hate, and led to them constantly self-monitoring, regulating their behaviour and devaluing their own experiences. Cumulatively, external and internalised binegativity seemingly has an injurious effect on the participants’ psychological well-being and sets in motion a ripple effect of marginalisation, loneliness, self-isolation and bisexual identity uncertainty. Through reflection and introspection, participants understood the ignorance at the foundation of societies’ sexualities knowledge, power/privilege dynamics of their various contexts, and the importance of grounding their truth in personal experience. Social support and selfeducation restored epistemic justice, establishing the base that makes this possible. This allowed the participants to start developing a bisexual affirming identity, enabling them to further queer and trouble dominant norms and establish a reverse discourse. Based on the findings of this study, the need for more research with bisexual individuals as a group, as well as the need for more interventions to decrease internalised binegativity while increasing resilience are evident.
- ItemThe plight of Anglican Church music in the Western Cape : three case studies.(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2021-03-03) Alexander, Levi; Berger, MartinENGLISH ABSTRACT: Music ministries still providing Anglican church congregations with traditional Anglican church music find themselves clutching onto a musical tradition in a church plagued by the increasing secularisation of society. This thesis, in three case studies, investigates the musical output and general daily function of three Anglican churches in the Western Cape by interviewing the rector and music director of each parish. Each parish was selected as it presented a varied historical, musical, liturgical and churchmanship culture. The aim of the thesis is to ascertain, primarily, whether traditional music is under threat of falling into disuse in the church and secondly, if traditional music is indeed under threat, the possible measures which could be implemented to preserve the heritage for future generations of Anglican worshippers. The literature review presents a body of information to define traditional Anglican music and contextualise its practices by tracing its historical development through the centuries, and in so doing, creates a contextual framework on which the findings of the three case studies are based. This research presents the challenges endured by music ministries by: (1) defining the role of church music in the service and the Anglican liturgy; (2) identifying Anglican music history in South Africa by ascertaining styles of worship; and (3) contextualising the function of the music ministry in the church by discussing the role of the music director and the working dynamic with clergy, education and development, youth participation, future planning and finance.
- ItemTOD PRECINCTS SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS: Comparing Different Station Precincts of the City of Tshwane(2019-04) Lepelle, Mankgele Joshua; Geyer, Hermanus StephanusENGLISH ABSTRACT: In different parts of cities and in different income areas, transit-oriented development (TOD)precincts take a different shape and form,making the spatial distribution of property ownership within precincts an integral determining factor inshaping precinct development. This study looked at differentprecincts in the different parts of the Cityof Tshwanewith different average household income, using population characteristics and transport relationships to highlight what the precincts representin the peripheral and inner-city parts of the Cityof Tshwane. Using geographic information systems (GIS)products and techniques to display and analyse the relationship between the different population variables,inferences were made about the functioning of precincts, challenges and prospects for future growth for the precincts.This study found that administrative regions 1, 3 and 6 of Tshwane peripheral precincts have a clustering of business and commercial land uses in the middle of the precincts that act as central business districts (CBD). The government owns most non-residential properties in the precincts,and the precincts themselves represent important commercial nodes for their catchment low-income subplaces. Transport relationships in these regions arecompetitive and the feeder options are minimal. In the inner city administrative region 3, precincts in middle-income areasrepresent classification categories of precincts with an abundance of transit options called city centre, while trunk and feeder options exhibit a complementary relationship between the transport options. Administrative regions 1, 4 and 6, which are high-income inner-city precincts, representthe urban class and are only valuable to their surrounding