Background. Breast carcinoma remains the most prevalent cancer among women, with over 300 000 deaths annually worldwide. Axillary lymph node status is essential for the clinical staging of breast carcinoma and remains the ...

Secondary chondrosarcoma is a malignant hyaline cartilage tumour originating from a cartilaginous precursor, either osteochondroma or enchondroma. We contrast two different cases of biopsy-proven secondary chondrosarcomas ...

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant, predominantly juxta-articular, soft-tissue tumour representing approximately 10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Frequently initially incorrectly diagnosed as a benign lesion, it should be ...

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been shown to be the diagnostic procedure of choice for superficial lymphadenitis in tuberculosis endemic regions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective laboratory-based ...

Background. Clinical and pathological parameters may overestimate the need for chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. More accurate determination of the risk of distant recurrence is now possible with use ...

The aim of this study was to determine if the Syner-Med®/Cell-Solutions® liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique would provide adequate diagnostic material when applied to breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens ...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of a one-hour training session on the correct technique of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) by assessing adequacy of FNAB specimens received from clinicians ...

As known disease-associated variants identified through large cohort-based studies often explain only a small percentage of genetic risk in multifactorial disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), alternative methods ...

Chronic, multi-factorial conditions caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors frequently share common disease mechanisms, as evidenced by an overlap between genetic risk factors ...

Within-population genetic diversity is greatest within Africa, while between-population genetic diversity is directly proportional to geographic distance. The most divergent contemporary human populations include the ...

Approximately 25 % of clinically important drugs and numerous environmental carcinogens are metabolised by CYP2D6. Variation in the CYP2D6 gene and concomitant use of tamoxifen (TAM) with certain antidepressants may increase ...

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) offers a simple outpatient technique for specimen collection in child tuberculosis suspects with peripheral lymphadenopathy. To perform FNAB with mycobacterial culture on an outpatient ...

The first case of malacoplakia known to have affected the female genital tract is presented. This lesion involved the upper vagina and presented clinically as an infiltrating carcinoma. No evidence of malacoplakia of the ...

A metastatic tumour growing in the heart more than 2 years after total removal of the primary hepatic growth is a rare event. Jaundice as a result of bile production by the metastasis is most unusual. The primary tumour ...

Authors report the management of a case of malignant trophoblastic disease which presented initially as a haematemesis and melaena from a gastric metastasis. The patient had had a tubal sterilization 4 years previously. ...

Three patients with gangrene of the penis after Xhosa ritual tribal circumcision are reported. A review of complications which may follow circumcision is given.

Two cases of Kawasaki disease, both with cardiac involvement. are reported in South African children and the diagnostic problems are discussed. In patient 1 an ECG showed the development of an .inferior myocardial infarction, ...

Two young White brothers had dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy. The elder came to autopsy after a chronic course of congestive cardiac failure; the younger underwent repeated cardiac catheterization and transvenous right ...

[No abstract available]

Hearts from 32 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy were examined postmortem. A comparative morphological study of the human hearts and of hearts from cardiomyopathic hamsters, rabbits and baboons indicates that severe ...