ENGLISH SUMMARY: Decades of reliance on slow, inaccurate diagnostic tests have contributed to poor case detection and impeded tuberculosis (TB) control efforts globally. The development of an accurate, rapid molecular ...

ENGLISH SUMMARY: Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is the most frequent complication of hospitalization resulting in suffering, excess mortality and increased healthcare costs. Although paediatric HAI burden and impact ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Infants (<12 months) born to women with tuberculosis are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) exposure, infection and disease early in life. In settings with high prevalence of ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: the significant reduction in HIV transmission through breastfeeding by antiretroviral treatment guided the current recommendations favouring breastfeeding which has to be continued until 12 months of ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) in children is high with a high morbidity and mortality, especially amongst young and HIV-­‐infected children. The emerging epidemic of multidrug-­‐resistant ...

ENGLISH SUMMARY: Due to the sub-optimal performance of definite diagnostic tests, the early identification of paediatric TBM suspects relies on a thorough assessment of all the evidence derived from a careful history, ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is a common infectious disease in the world affecting approximately 550 000 children annually and contributing to approximately 10-15% of the TB caseload. The estimate is ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) continues to be an important cause of mortality and neurological disability in resource-limited countries. Many questions remain about the best approaches to prevent, diagnose, ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been regarded as a “benign physiological response”, a survey published in 2002 suggested that ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of stavudine and this effect is strongly dose-dependent. Stavudine remains the most commonly used paediatric antiretroviral drug in sub-Saharan Africa, ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) consists of multi-system abnormalities and is caused by the excessive intake of alcohol during pregnancy. The teratogenic effect of alcohol on the human fetus ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Resistance to antituberculosis agents became evident soon after antituberculosis treatment was introduced for the first time. Combined drug therapy seemed to resolve this problem. Animal experimental ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children and adults may differ in their immune function. An adequate function of the individual's immune system is crucial to the risk for development of tuberculosis (TB) after infection with Mycobacterium ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A community-based growth monitoring (GM) project was established in a rural village in KwaZulu-Natal. The project is an example of community-based activities that were based on a participatory approach ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to test a synthetic protein-free surfactant preparation, LPM-l, with the same chemical composition as commercially available Exosurf (Glaxo Wellcome), but containing in addition, ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a threat to global tuberculosis control by the WHO DOTS strategy. Studies in the United States and Europe have shown (i) that drug-resistant tuberculosis is present ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children contribute little to disease transmission and the maintenance of the tuberculosis epidemic, but they constitute a significant proportion of the total tuberculosis (TB) caseload and experience ...