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Tuberculosis exposure in HIV-exposed infants in a high-prevalence setting

Cotton M.F.; Schaaf H.S.; Lottering G.; Weber H.L.; Coetzee J.; Nachman S. (2008)

Exposure to TB was quantified by screening human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants aged 3-4 months for an isoniazid prophylaxis study where tuberculosis (TB) exposure excluded enrolment. Seventy-seven (10.1%, ...

Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Schaaf H.S.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Gie R.P.; Beyers N.; Donald P.R. (2006)

Aim: Continued surveillance of drug resistance amongst children presenting with culture-confirmed tuberculosis to a tertiary care hospital and to community clinics. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and ...

High incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected infants: Evidence from a South African population-based study highlights the need for improved tuberculosis control strategies

Hesseling A.C.; Cotton M.F.; Jennings T.; Whitelaw A.; Johnson L.F.; Eley B.; Roux P.; Godfrey-Faussett P.; Schaaf H.S. (2009)

Background. There are limited population-based estimates of tuberculosis incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected infants aged ≤12 months. We aimed to estimate the population-based ...

Beijing and Haarlem genotypes are overrepresented among children with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape province of South Africa

Marais B.J.; Victor T.C.; Hesseling A.C.; Barnard M.; Jordaan A.; Brittle W.; Reuter H.; Beyers N.; Van Helden P.D.; Warren R.M.; Schaaf H.S. (2006)

Drug resistance among children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) provides an accurate measure of transmitted drug resistance within the community. We describe the genotype diversity in children with culture-confirmed ...

Improvement in mycobacterial yield and reduced time to detection in pediatric samples by use of a nutrient broth growth supplement

Brittle W.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Schaaf H.S.; Kidd M.; Wasserman E.; Botha T. (2009)

There is an urgent need to improve the methods used for the bacteriological diagnosis of childhood mycobacterial disease. This study compared the mycobacterial yields and the times to detection (in days) of mycobacteria ...

The outcome of infants younger than 6 months requiring ventilation for pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Goussard P.; Gie R.P.; Kling S.; Schaaf H.S.; Kritzinger F.; Andronikou S.; Beyers N.; Rossouw G.J. (2008)

Introduction: The outcome of young infants (<6 months) being ventilated for respiratory failure caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has not been recorded. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study of children <6 ...

Recurrent culture-confirmed tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children

Schaaf H.S.; Krook S.; Hollemans D.W.; Warren R.M.; Donald P.R.; Hesseling A.C. (2005)

Introduction: Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is more common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected than HIV-uninfected adults. There are limited data regarding recurrence of TB in children. Objective: To determine ...

Radiographic signs and symptoms in children treated for tuberculosis: Possible implications for symptom-based screening in resource-limited settings

Marais B.J.; Gie R.P.; Hesseling A.C.; Schaaf H.S.; Enarson D.A.; Beyers N. (2006)

Background: The World Health Organization advises active tracing of children younger than 5 years old in household contact with a sputum smear-positive tuberculosis index case. This study compared radiographic disease ...

Failure of chemoprophylaxis with standard antituberculosis agents in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases

Sneag D.B.; Schaaf H.S.; Cotton M.F.; Zar H.J. (2007)

BACKGROUND: There is little published information on optimal chemoprophylaxis for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) contacts. Current guidelines of World Health Organization suggest that isoniazid ...

Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: A study of 1,877 surgical specimens

Moore S.W.; Schneider J.W.; Schaaf H.S. (2003)

Chronic cervical lymphadenopathy is a common clinical problem frequently requiring surgical biopsy. To evaluate the characteristics of surgically excised cervical lymph nodes (LN) in children in a developing country, we ...