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Ethionamide cross-and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis

Schaaf H.S.; Victor T.C.; Venter A.; Brittle W.; Jordaan A.M.; Hesseling A.C.; Marais B.J.; Van Helden P.D.; Donald P.R. (2009)

BACKGROUND: Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH). Both are pro-drugs requiring activation by separate and common enzyme pathways, which could lead to co-and/or cross-resistance. OBJECTIVE: To ...

HIV and childhood tuberculosis: The way forward

Cotton M.F.; Schaaf H.S.; Hesseling A.C.; Madhi S.A. (2004)

Tuberculosis has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in under-resourced communities. By causing progressive immunodeficiency, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases susceptibility to tuberculosis in an ...

Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Schaaf H.S.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Gie R.P.; Beyers N.; Donald P.R. (2006)

Aim: Continued surveillance of drug resistance amongst children presenting with culture-confirmed tuberculosis to a tertiary care hospital and to community clinics. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and ...

Tuberculosis in oncology patients

Stefan D.C.; Kruis A.L.; Schaaf H.S.; Wessels G. (2008)

Background: There is a dearth of studies addressing the incidence and clinical presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children with cancer. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of TB in paediatric oncology patients at Tygerberg ...

A critical look at the diagnostic value of culture-confirmation in childhood tuberculosis

Engelbrecht A.L.; Marais B.J.; Donald P.R.; Schaaf H.S. (2006)

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation, and outcome of culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis. Methods: Retrospective study of children < 13 years of age at Tygerberg ...

Beijing and Haarlem genotypes are overrepresented among children with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape province of South Africa

Marais B.J.; Victor T.C.; Hesseling A.C.; Barnard M.; Jordaan A.; Brittle W.; Reuter H.; Beyers N.; Van Helden P.D.; Warren R.M.; Schaaf H.S. (2006)

Drug resistance among children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) provides an accurate measure of transmitted drug resistance within the community. We describe the genotype diversity in children with culture-confirmed ...

Improvement in mycobacterial yield and reduced time to detection in pediatric samples by use of a nutrient broth growth supplement

Brittle W.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Schaaf H.S.; Kidd M.; Wasserman E.; Botha T. (2009)

There is an urgent need to improve the methods used for the bacteriological diagnosis of childhood mycobacterial disease. This study compared the mycobacterial yields and the times to detection (in days) of mycobacteria ...

Radiology services for children in HIV- and TB-endemic regions: Scope for greater collaboration between radiologists and clinicians caring for children

Dramowski A.; Morsheimer M.M.; Frigati L.; Schaaf H.S.; Rabie H.; Sorour G.; Cotton M.F. (2009)

There is limited literature documenting the interaction between radiologists and clinicians caring for children, especially in regions where HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are endemic. The dual burden of these diseases in ...

Diagnostic dilemmas in abdominal tuberculosis in children

Saczek K.B.; Schaaf H.S.; Voss M.; Cotton M.F.; Moore S.W. (2001)

The authors review 45 pediatric patients with intra-abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) treated between May 1990 and April 1998. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically or by positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ...

Recurrent culture-confirmed tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children

Schaaf H.S.; Krook S.; Hollemans D.W.; Warren R.M.; Donald P.R.; Hesseling A.C. (2005)

Introduction: Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is more common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected than HIV-uninfected adults. There are limited data regarding recurrence of TB in children. Objective: To determine ...