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High prevalence of drug resistance amongst HIV-exposed and -infected children in a tuberculosis prevention trial
(2012)
An emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in settings affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) has been observed. We investigated the prevalence of DR-TB in P1041, a multicentred, ...
Interferon-gamma release assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with cancer
(2010)
SETTING: The paediatric oncology unit at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and two commercial interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for the ...
Ethionamide cross-and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis
(2009)
BACKGROUND: Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH). Both are pro-drugs requiring activation by separate and common enzyme pathways, which could lead to co-and/or cross-resistance. OBJECTIVE: To ...
Tuberculosis exposure in HIV-exposed infants in a high-prevalence setting
(2008)
Exposure to TB was quantified by screening human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants aged 3-4 months for an isoniazid prophylaxis study where tuberculosis (TB) exposure excluded enrolment. Seventy-seven (10.1%, ...
A prospective evaluation of children under the age of 5 years living in the same household as adults with recently diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis
(1997)
SETTING: A South African suburb with a high tuberculosis incidence (>800/100 000). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease in children less than 5 years of age who were in close household ...
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid
(2010)
Aim: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, ...
High incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected infants: Evidence from a South African population-based study highlights the need for improved tuberculosis control strategies
(2009)
Background. There are limited population-based estimates of tuberculosis incidence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected infants aged ≤12 months. We aimed to estimate the population-based ...
Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in children treated for respiratory tuberculosis
(2005)
Aims: To define the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) in children with tuberculosis in relation to the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype. Methods: The first order elimination rate constant (k) and area under the ...
Tuberculosis in oncology patients
(2008)
Background: There is a dearth of studies addressing the incidence and clinical presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in children with cancer. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of TB in paediatric oncology patients at Tygerberg ...