Department of Physiological Sciences
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Recent Submissions
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Sickness-associated anorexia : mother nature’s idea of immunonutrition?
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016)During an infection, expansion of immune cells, assembly of antibodies, and the induction of a febrile response collectively place continual metabolic strain on the host. These considerations also provide a rationale for ...
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The role of theory and modeling in medical research
(Frontiers Media, 2013-12-19)No abstract available.
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Why model?
(Frontiers Media, 2014-01-28)Next generation sequencing technologies are bringing about a renaissance of mining approaches. A comprehensive picture of the genetic landscape of an individual patient will be useful, for example, to identify groups of ...
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The role of ketone bodies in autophagic flux, cellular energetics and injury-induced neurotoxicity
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and leading cause of dementia globally, with an increasing prevalence especially in developing countries such as South Africa. ...
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Cardio-metabolic effects of anti-retroviral treatment in the Cape Winelands region of South Africa
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients there are increased concerns regarding the ...
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Does cardioprotection by autophagy go beyond acute cardiotoxicity?
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction and Aim The discovery of Doxorubicin (DOX) in the 1960s has drastically improved the survival rates of cancer patients; however, its success is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. While ...
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Correlations between stress-associated anxiety and physiological determinants of health in adolescents
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of psychiatric disorders across age groups, with onset typically in childhood or early adolescence, and risk for developing an anxiety disorder increasing ...
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Association between cancer, adipose tissue and selected systemic markers : a possible classification according to body shape
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases of lifestyle, and has more recently been associated with cancer risk. ...
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St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) photomedicine : hypericin-photodynamic therapy induces metastatic melanoma cell death
(PLoS, 2014-07-30)Hypericin, an extract from St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), is a promising photosensitizer in the context of clinical photodynamic therapy due to its excellent photosensitizing properties and tumoritropic ...
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Partial inhibition of the ubiquitin– proteasome system ameliorates cardiac dysfunction following ischemia–reperfusion in the presence of high glucose
(Springer Verlag, 2015)Abstract Background: Acute hyperglycemia co-presenting with myocardial infarction (in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals) is often associated with a poor prognosis. Although acute hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress ...
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Distinct gender differences in anthropometric profiles of a peri-urban South African HIV population : a cross sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2015-02)Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended life expectancy and enhanced the well-being of HIV-positive individuals. Since there are concerns regarding HAART-mediated onset of cardio-metabolic ...
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Proteasome Inhibitors : a novel therapy that blunt hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Diabetes is considered a major threat to human health in both developed and developing nations. Cardiovascular disease which is common in diabetic patients has increased the overall disease affliction. ...
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Toxic mitochondrial effects induced by "red devil" chemotherapy
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX), infamously known as the “red devil,” is considered the most effective antineoplastic drug utilized in oncologic practice today. However, its clinical use is hampered due ...
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Elucidating the role of WDR47 in regulating neuronal migration, autophagy and tubulin dynamics
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Normal cerebral cortex development depends on extensive neuronal migration during embryogenesis, permitting the formation of accurate synaptic circuits and a highly ordered laminar neocortex. ...
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The (un)SAFE and RISK(y) sides of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction The discovery of Doxorubicin in the 1960s has drastically improved the survival rates of cancer patients, however, its success is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. While much of the ...
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Investigation of myostatin and relevant regulators during muscle regeneration after an acute bout of eccentric exercise
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the powerful muscle regulator, myostatin, and its regulators in response to an acute bout of plyometric training. The participants were recruited and screened by ...
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Circadian rhythms as novel chemotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Mammalian circadian rhythms form an integral physiological system allowing for the synchronisation of all metabolic processes to daily light/dark cycles, thereby optimising their efficacy. ...
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HIV-1 associated neuroinflammation : effects of two complimentary medicines illustrated in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Neuroinflammation is central to the aetiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) that are prevalent in late stage AIDS. ARV treatments are rolled out relatively late in the ...
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Treading the tightrope of healthy living : pondering heart metabolism's balancing act
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011-09)Prof Faadiel Essop is the current chairperson of the Depart - ment of Physiological Sciences at Stellenbosch University. He hails from a strong rural background; he was born in Ceres and grew up in Paarl (Western Cape, ...
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The secret of dying well : the many faces of cell death and its relevance for treating diseases of our time
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-03)Anna-Mart Engelbrecht is currently professor in the Department of Physiological Sciences at Stellenbosch University. She was born in Pretoria, grew up in the Western Cape and matriculated from DF Malan High School in ...
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The effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) on the non-oxidative pathways of glucose metabolism
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While antiretroviral therapy decreases HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, long-term treatment results in insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. A possible cause of such adverse effects may be an ...
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Hyperglycemia-mediated onset of myocardial insulin resistance – unraveling molecular mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background - Although acute hyperglycemic episodes are linked to lower glucose uptake, underlying mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. We hypothesized that acute hyperglycemia triggers reactive ...
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Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of benfotiamine-induced cardioprotection
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014-04)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Context: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Myocardial infarction is responsible for the highest number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Objective: We have previously ...
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Cardio-metabolic effects of HIV protease inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir)
(PLoS, 2013-11)Although antiretroviral treatment decreases HIV-AIDS morbidity/mortality, long-term side effects may include the onset of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible ...
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The maladaptive effects of HIV protease inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) on the rat heart.
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-12)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although antiretroviral treatment decreases HIV-AIDS morbidity/mortality, long-term effects include onset of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Increased oxidative stress and dysregulation ...
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The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility : unanswered questions
(Landes Bioscience, 2013-09)Impaired autophagic machinery is implicated in a number of diseases such as heart disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. A common denominator in these pathologies is a dysregulation of autophagy that has been linked to a ...
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Prediction of poor outcome in patients with acute liver failure—systematic review of prediction models
(PLOS, 2012-12-14)Introduction: Acute liver failure is a rare disease with high mortality and liver transplantation is the only life saving therapy. Accurate prognosis of ALF is crucial for proper intervention. Aim: To identify and ...
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Grape seed extract affects adhesion competence and maturation of primary isolated rat myoblasts after contusion injury
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Contusion injuries cause significant muscle damage, activating a series of cellular events. Satellite cells (SC), the key role players in muscle regeneration, are activated to proliferate and develop into ...
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Manipulation of the autophagic pathway sensitises cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Cisplatin has been widely used to treat solid tumours and much success has come from the use of this drug in the treatment of head and neck, ovarian, testicular, cervical and small-cell lung ...
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Grape-seed extract (oligomeric proanthocyanidin) or N-acetylcysteine antioxidant supplementation several days before and after an acute bout of plyometric exercise
(Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013-03)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to determine whether supplementation with a grape-seed derived antioxidant, oligomeric proanthocyanidin (PCO) or the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may prove beneficial as ...
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