Exploring the role of storytelling in environmental communication : a documentary campaign aimed at South African millennials

Date
2020-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY : As we enter the Anthropocene epoch, humanity’s impact on the planet has resulted in environmental effects that cannot be allowed to continue unabated. Researchers concur that scientific advances alone will not be able to solve these issues and that behaviour change is critical. Communication is a fundamental aspect of how the environment and environmental issues are understood and learned about. Therefore, in order to affect behaviour change, communication practitioners need to create materials that are as engaging and effective as possible. Narrative structures, or stories, have the ability to provide explanations and concrete examples of otherwise abstract and inaccessible facts. When considering the audience for these communications, the millennial generation is arguably the most important as the largest segment of the global population. My research aims to explore how storytelling can optimise environmental communications to reach a millennial audience in order to drive behaviour change through the study of a documentary campaign targeting South African millennials. This campaign provides a rich context for this study as, even though people in the global south are likely to experience more severely the consequences of environmental issues, there is scant empirical evidence concerning (young people’s) engagement with sustainabilityrelated issues in Africa. Informed by my pragmatist position, I draw on grounded theory methodology and employ a qualitative approach to conduct and analyse data obtained from 20 semi-structured interviews. Regarding the current engagement of South African millennials with sustainability-related issues, I find that there is a disparity between their high levels of awareness, literacy and concern about these issues on the one hand and their limited behavioural response on the other. I suggest twelve key reasons, grouped into internal and external barriers, to explain what might be holding South African millennials back from taking action to address specific sustainability-related issues. I explore the effectiveness of four storytelling elements employed in the creation of the documentary campaign. My research findings contribute to an emerging understanding of the role of storytelling in the environmental communication literature, and also provide practical insights for practitioners regarding the use of these techniques to engage South African millennials specifically.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Noudat ons die Antroposeen betree, word die omgewingsgevolge van die mens se impak op die planeet al hoe duideliker – gevolge wat ons nie onbeheers kan laat voortduur nie. Navorsers is dit eens dat wetenskaplike vooruitgang nie genoeg is om hierdie kwessies op te los nie, en dat gedragsverandering noodsaaklik is. Kommunikasie is fundamenteel vir hoe daar oor die omgewing en omgewingskwessies gedink en daarvan geleer word. Om gedragsverandering teweeg te bring, moet kommunikasiepraktisyns dus materiaal skep wat so boeiend en doeltreffend moontlik is. Narratiewe strukture, of verhale, het die potensiaal om verduidelikings en konkrete voorbeelde van andersins abstrakte en ontoeganklike feite te bied. Wat die teikengehoor van hierdie kommunikasie betref, is die millenniërgenerasie, wat die grootste segment van die wêreldbevolking uitmaak, stellig die belangrikste. My navorsing beoog om te bepaal hoe die vertelkuns omgewingskommunikasie kan optimaliseer om ’n millenniërgehoor te bereik en gedragsverandering aan te moedig. Dít word gedoen deur die studie van ’n dokumentêre veldtog wat op Suid-Afrikaanse millenniërs afgestem is. Hierdie veldtog voorsien ’n ryke konteks vir die studie, want hoewel diegene in die globale Suide waarskynlik die gevolge van omgewingskwessies in ’n groter mate ervaar, is daar weinig empiriese bewyse dat (jong)mense in Afrika erns maak met volhoubaarheidsuitdagings. Op ’n pragmatistiese grondslag maak ek dus staat op die metodologie van gegronde teorie en gebruik ek ’n kwalitatiewe benadering om 20 semigestruktureerde onderhoude te voer en die data daaruit te ontleed. Met betrekking tot Suid-Afrikaanse millenniërs se huidige houding jeens volhoubaarheidskwessies dui die studie op ’n teenstrydigheid tussen hulle hoë vlakke van bewustheid, geletterdheid en kommer oor hierdie kwessies enersyds, en hulle beperkte gedragsreaksie andersyds. Ek doen 12 kernredes aan die hand, wat ek in interne en eksterne hindernisse indeel, om te verklaar wat moontlik verhoed dat Suid-Afrikaanse millenniërs tot aksie oorgaan om bepaalde volhoubaarheidskwessies die hoof te bied. Ek verken die doeltreffendheid van vier vertel-elemente wat in die ontwikkeling van die dokumentêre veldtog gebruik is. Die navorsingsbevindinge dra by tot ’n groter begrip van die rol van vertelkuns in omgewingskommunikasieliteratuur, en bied ook praktiese insigte vir praktisyns oor die gebruik van hierdie tegnieke om Suid-Afrikaanse millenniërs in die besonder betrokke te kry.
Description
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
Keywords
Storytelling -- Environmental aspects, Generation Y -- South Africa, Environmental communication -- South Africa, Environmental responsibility -- Communication, Environmental responsibility -- Behavior modification, UCTD
Citation