http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/676 2017-07-16T02:29:15Z 2017-07-16T02:29:15Z Williams, Lorryn Glynis http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/101200 2017-06-06T08:52:57Z 2017-03-15T00:00:00Z

Decelerating factors that impact on the career progression of women academics at Stellenbosch University Williams, Lorryn Glynis ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2014, Stellenbosch University’s (SU’s) Transformation office released an infographic displaying the percentage of women and men at the various academic ranks throughout the university. This display emphasised a clear-cut gender divide: as rank increased from junior lecturer to full professor, the percentage of women in these positions steadily decreases and the percentage of men steadily increases. In an attempt to understand this phenomenon, this thesis aims to investigate gender-related influences on career progression among women academic staff. More specifically, it sets out to determine whether women academic staff at SU experience a lack of career progression and if so, what factors they attribute this to, and how these factors differ in terms of faculty, marital and motherhood status, and highest qualification. This thesis pursues these objectives by following a mixed methods approach which entails both a qualitative study of women working in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Western Cape, as well as a cross-sectional survey conducted among women academic staff at SU. A theoretical framework is used which attributes differences in career progression between women and men to psychosocial factors, structural features or “deficits” of HEIs, and/or family-related factors. The results show that women academics often refer to structural deficits of HEIs as contributing to their slow career progression. These deficits do not, generally, indicate overt discrimination, but rather that certain assumptions about gender roles, particularly in relation to family responsibilities, are ingrained in the institutional culture of HEIs and that this limits considerably the ability of women to climb the ranks in their institutions.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2014, het Unversiteit Stellenbosch (US) se Transformasie Kantoor ‘n inligtingsgrafiek uitgereik, wat die persentasie mans en vroue in die verskeie akademiese range oor die universiteit heen uitbeeld. Hierdie uitbeelding het ’n duidelike genderverdeling uitgelig: soos wat rang toeneem vanaf junior lektor to volle professor, neem die persentasie vroue gestadig af, en die persentasie mans gestadig toe. In ʼn poging om hierdie verskynsel te ondersoek, het hierdie tesis ten doel om genderverwante invloede op loopbaanvordering by vroue akademiese personeel te ondersoek. Meer spesifiek, dit is daarop gemik om vas te stel of vroue akademiese personeel by die US ʼn gebrek aan loopbaanvordering ervaar en, indien wel, aan watter fatore hulle dit toeskryf, en hoe hierdie faktire verskil in terme van fakulteit, huweliks- en moederskapstatus, en hoogste kwalifikasie. Hierdie tesis streef hierdie doelwitte na deur ‘n gemengde metodes benadering te volg, wat beide ʼn kwalitatiewe ondersoek behels van vroue werksaam by hoër-onderwys instellings (HOI’s) in die Wes-Kaap, sowel as ʼn kruisseksionele opname uitgevoer onder vroue akademiese personeel by die US. ‘n Teoretiese raamwerk word gebruik, wat verskille in loopbaanvordering tussen vroue en mans toeskryf aan psigososiale faktore, strukturele eienskappe of “gebreke” van HOI’s, en/of gesinsverwante faktore. Die resultate toon dat vroue akademici dikwels na strukturele gebreke van HOI’s verwys as bydraend tot hul stadige loopbaanvordering. Hierdie gebreke dui nie, oor die algemeen, op openlike diskrimasie nie, maar eerder daarop dat sekere aannames oor gender-rolle, in besonder in verband met gesinsverantwoordelikhede, ingewortel is in die institusionele kultuur van HOI’s, en dat dit die vermoë van vroue om die range in hul instellings te bestyg, aansienlik beperk. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-15T00:00:00Z Simakani, Sinikiwe http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/101129 2017-06-05T13:27:04Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

"BEEWARE of the wasp " : The role of language in studying and managing the European Paper Wasp. Simakani, Sinikiwe ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past decade or two, scientists have recognised the importance of the role the general public may play in scientific research to address scientific challenges. This thesis deals with communication concerning the European paper wasp, Polistes Dominula, as facilitated by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), to a predominately Xhosa-speaking public. In addition, the thesis focuses on invasive alien species (IAS) management and the positive impact that public engagement may have on the process of this management, as SANBI has a desire to eradicate the European paper wasp, Polistes Dominula, and public participation is considered imperative to achieve this goal. The incorporation of the public into the realm of science requires a mode of communication of that science to various publics. Prior to effective communication, however, the communicating institution needs to understand each public’s level of understanding, knowledge of and perceptions of the European paper wasp. This information is necessary to develop appropriate communication tools for each public. The main data method used in this research was personal, one-on-one interviews, guided by a structured interview schedule. The interviews were conducted with members of the Coasta Land community, in Kayamandi .The respondents were heads of households, or a suitable replacement above the age of 18. The study reveals that language is a barrier in researching, and therefore understanding, a public’s perceptions, understanding and knowledge of the European paper wasp. In particular, many English scientific terms are not found in the South African indigenous languages. This poses not only an obstacle to research, but renders likely a communication breakdown between science communicators and the public. This thesis recommends that, in order to achieve successful IAS management, creative methods of communication have to be developed in order to reach Xhosa-speaking communities such as the one studied. Furthermore, along with linguistics and scientists, a process of science-terminology development needs to be embarked upon to overcome the language barrier in science communication.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope dekade of twee, het wetenskaplikes die belangrike rol wat die algemene publiek in wetenskaplike navorsing kan speel om wetenskaplike uitdagings aan te spreek, erken. Hierdie tesis handel oor die kommunikasie met betrekking tot die Europese papierwespe, Polistes Dominula, soos gefasiliteer deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Biodiversiteitsinstituut (SANBI), aan ‘n oorwegend Xhosa-sprekende publiek. Daarbenewens, fokus die tesis op indringerspesie-bestuur en die positiewe impak wat openbare deelname kan hê op die proses van hierdie bestuur aangesien SANBI ‘n begeerte het om die Europese papierwespe, Polistes Dominula, uit te roei, waarvan openbare deelname noodsaaklilk is om hierdie doel te bereik. Die insluiting van die publiek in die wetenskaplike terrein vereis ‘n vorm van kommunikasie van daardie wetenskap aan verskeie publieke. Voor effektiewe kommunikasie kan geskied, moet die instelling wat kommunikeer egter elke publiek se vlak van begrip, kennis van, en persepsies van die Europese papierwespe, verstaan. Hierdie inligting is nodig om toepaslike kommunikasie-instrumente vir elke publiek te ontwikkel. Die hoof data-insamelingsmetode wat in hierdie navorsingsprojek gebruik is, was persoonlike, een-tot-een onderhoude, wat gelei is deur ‘n gestruktureerde onderhoudskedule. Onderhoude is gevoer met lede van die Coasta Land gemeenskap in Kyamandi. Respondente was howe van huishoudings, óf ‘n geskikte plaasvervanger bo die ouderdom van 18. Die studie toon dat taal ‘n hindernis is in die navorsing, en dus begrip van die publiek se persepsies, begrip en kennis van die Europese papierwespe. Baie Engelse wetenskaplike termes word veral nie in Suid-Afrikaanse inheemse tale gevind nie. Dit dien nie slegs as ‘n struikelblok tot navorsing nie, maar dra ook waarskynlik by tot ‘n kommunikasie ineenstorting tussen wetenskap-kommunikeerders en die publiek. Hierdie tesis beveel aan dat, ten einde suksesvolle indringerspesie-bestuur te bereik, moet kreatiewe metodes van kommunikasie ontwikkel word om Xhosa-sprekende gemeenskappe, soos die een wat bestudeer is, te bereik. Boonop, moet ‘n proses van wetenskap-terminologie-ontwikkeling aangepak word saam met taalkunde en wetenskaplikes om die taalgrens in wetenskap kommunikasie te oorskry. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z Jansen van Rensburg, Collette http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/101132 2017-06-05T13:29:55Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

Single mothers and family formation in Suurbraak: a mixed methods study Jansen van Rensburg, Collette ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mothers from the coloured population in South Africa are often single, raising children without the assistance of a spouse or partner, yet research on their family structures is scarce despite the financial and other challenges such single mother families often face. This thesis aims to explore the single mother family in the village of Suurbraak, South Africa. Two main themes associated with single motherhood are explored: the household structures Suurbraak single mothers occupy and what the origin of single motherhood within the village could be. A mixed methods research design is utilised, implementing both qualitative and quantitative research strategies to explore the stated aims. More specifically, an exploratory sequential design comprising three stages is implemented: participant observation, followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews and finally administering a survey. The findings emphasise that single mothers across all marital statuses and ages typically occupy various forms of the extended household structure and very rarely reside in a household with only their children. They often form part of female-headed and multi-generational households, often comprising multiple family units per household. The origin of single motherhood is mostly due to a disconnection between the perceptions of mothers (particularly prerequisites for marriage), and the options available within their environment. Two broad antecedents of single motherhood are identified: a lack of opportunities to fulfil their prerequisites for marriage or cohabitation appear to exist with singlehood often being represented as more ideal than marriage or cohabitation; and circumstances independent of their ideals which could further inhibit marriage or cohabitation. While the study yields insights into the manifestation of single motherhood and single mothers‟ household formation amongst coloured women in a rural community, Suurbraak, there is a need to study it also in other contexts in order to develop a more generalized understanding.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Groot aantal moeders uit die bruingemeenskap is enkellopend en sorg vir hul kinders sonder die hulp van 'n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Tog bestaan daar 'n gebrek aan navorsing oor hierdie onderwerp, ten spyte van die groot finansiële en ander uitdagings wat hierdie moeders ervaar. Hierdie tesis bestudeer die voorkoms van enkelmoedergesinne in die landelike nedersetting, Suurbraak, Suid-Afrika. Twee temas wat verband hou met enkelmoederskap word ondersoek: die aard van die huishoudingstrukture waarin enkelmoeders woonagtig is en die redes vir enkelouerskap. Die studie maak gebruik van 'n gemengde-metodesbenadering waarin beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingstrategieë gebruik word. 'n Verkennende-opeenvolgende ontwerp wat drie fases insluit, is gebruik: deelnemende waarneming, gevolg deur in-diepte semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en 'n opname. Die bevindinge beklemtoon dat enkelmoeders oor huwelikstatus en ouderdomsgroepe heen in verskeie tipes uitgebreide huishoudingstrukture woon en selde uitsluitlik met hul kinders 'n huishouding vorm. Hulle vorm dikwels deel van multi-generasie huishoudings met vroue aan die hoof wat uit meervoudige gesins-eenhede bestaan. Die kontradiksie tussen die persepsies van moeders (spesifiek rondom hul vereistes vir huwelik- of lewensmaats) en die opsies beskikbaar aan hulle binne hul omgewing word geïdentifiseer as hoofoorsaak van enkelmoedergesinseenhede. Twee breë redes vir enkelmoederskap is geïdentifiseer: eerstens word 'n gebrek aan geleenthede om voorvereistes vir huwelik- of lewensmaats te vervul ervaar - met die gevolg dat enkelskap as meer ideaal as die huwelik of kohabitasie beskou word; en tweedens bestaan daar omstandighede onafhanklik van hul ideale wat huwelik of kohabitasie verder kan inhibeer. Terwyl die studie insigte verskaf oor die manifestering van enkelmoederskap en enkelmoeders se huishoudingstrukture in ʼn landelike lae-inkomste gemeenskap, is dit noodsaaklik om verdere navorsing in ander kontekste te doen ten einde ʼn meer veralgemeenbare begrip van die enkelmoedergesin te ontwikkel. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z van der Hoef, Monique http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/101193 2017-06-06T10:02:27Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

The local, the global, and the self: An ethnographic account of a community Computer Centre in Carnarvon, Northern Cape, and its significance for its users’ sense of self and their place in the world van der Hoef, Monique ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this thesis has been on the local participants in computer education courses that are provided by the Siyafunda Computer and Technology Centre at Kareeberg library in Carnarvon in the Northern Cape. The aim of the Computer Centre is to introduce the rural community to basic computer technology and to promote computer literacy and thereby improve their job opportunities and better their livelihoods. The Centre was launched on 19 November 2013 with the slogan ‘leer, motiveer & inspireer’ [learn, motivate and inspire], and is a partnership between inter alia the Department of Science and Technology (DST), the Square Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA-SA) and SiyafundaCTC. The SKA is an internationally driven project located on a cluster of farms between the towns of Brandvlei, Vanwyksvlei, Carnarvon and Williston, and when completed it will be the biggest and most advanced radio telescope in the world. The presence of the SKA in this area of the Karoo has brought changes to the surrounding communities, and in particular Carnarvon, which have proven to be a significant part of the context for this research project. The main research site for this project has been the Computer Centre, and within this setting I have explored what impact the promise of being able to use computers and have access to the internet has had on the lives of the people who have made use of these facilities. Additionally, I looked at whether and how basic education in computer technology may shift the way participants look at themselves, their local environment, and the wider world ‘out there’. This has been done through the conceptual lens of ‘critical cosmopolitanism’, to provide an understanding how computer technology can open up local views to global perspectives and unpack the tensions that may arise between local, national and global spheres. In conducting this study an ethnographic research methodology has been adopted in which participant observation and ‘hanging’ out in the Centre as well as in the town of Carnarvon have been central research methods. By engaging with students, staff, recreational users, and casual visitors of the Centre I developed insights into how the use of computers and internet may affects their everyday lives, how they think about their local community and what it means to open up their ideas of the world ‘out there’ to a more open and global worldview.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op plaaslike inwoners van Carnarvon in die Noord-Kaap wat ingeskryf is vir rekenaaronderwys kursusse aangebied deur die Siyafunda Rekenaar en Tegnologie Sentrum by die Kareeberg biblioteek. Die doel van hierdie rekenaarsentrum is om die landelike gemeenskap bekend te stel aan basiese rekenaartegnologie en rekenaargeletterdheid te bevorder. Sodoende word daar gepoog om hierdie gemeenskap bloot te stel aan beter werksgeleenthede en terselfde tyd moontlik hul lewensbestaan te verbeter. Met die vorming van ’n vennootskap tussen onder andere die Departement van Wetenskap en Tegnologie (DWT), die Square Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA) en SiyafundaCTC was dit moontlik om die sentrum se deure oop te maak in November 2013 met die slagsprek ‘leer, motiveer & inspireer’. Die SKA is 'n internasionaal-gedrewe projek wat geleë is op 'n groep plase tussen Brandvlei, Vanwyksvlei, Carnarvon en Williston. Wanneer die SKA voltooi is sal dit die grootste en mees gevorderde radioteleskoop in die wêreld wees. Die teenwoordigheid van die SKA in hierdie gebied van die Karoo het vele verandering aan die omliggende gemeenskappe teweeg gebring. Dit is veral die geval in Carnarvon, die dorp wat 'n beduidende deel van die konteks vir hierdie navorsingsprojek gevorm het. Die rekenaarsentrum was die belangrikste plek van navorsing vir hierdie projek. Binne hierdie instelling is ondersoek ingestel na die impak wat toegang tot die gebruik van rekenaars en die internet gehad het op die lewens van die mense wat gebruik gemaak het van hierdie fasiliteite. Verder is gekyk na of, en hoe, basiese opleiding in rekenaartegnologie deelnemers se persepsie van hulself, hul plaaslike omgewing, en die res van die wêreld "daar buite" verander het. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘kritiese kosmopolitisme’ as ’n konseptuele lens, word ’n begrip gevorm vir die manier waarop rekenaartegnologie plaaslike menings vatbaar maak vir globale perspektiewe. Verder word daar gekyk na die spanning wat kan ontstaan tussen plaaslike, nasionale en globale vlakke as gevolg hiervan. ’n Etnografiese navorsingsmetode is gebruik tydens veldwerk. Dit het deelnemende waarneming asook ’n informele daaglikse aanwesigheid in die sentrum, sowel as Carnavon, wat sentraal in die uitvoering van hierdie studie was, behels. Deur interaksie met studente, personeel, informele besoekers, en diegene wat die sentrum gebruik vir ontspanningsdoeleindes, is daar gepoog om verdere insigte te verkry oor die gebruik van rekenaars en die internet en hoe dit deelnemers se alledaagse lewens affekteer. Dit het verdere insigte gebied oor hierdie individue se persepsie van hul plaaslike gemeenskap en hoe hul idees rakende die wêreld "daar buite" lei tot 'n meer globale wêreldbeskouing. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z Kramm, Neil http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100969 2017-06-02T07:05:18Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

Youth and military service: exploring the effects of military socialisation, reintegration and employment Kramm, Neil ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Military Skills Development System (MSDS) was adopted to rejuvenate the ageing force of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), and has an additional function to provide social uplifment to the youth by alleviating unemployment and providing the youth with skills to assist them in finding gainful employment in the civilian labour market. To date, little is known about the youth that enters the SANDF via the MSDS program and how military socialisation affects the young millennials recruited into the military. Similarly, research on youth reintegration after military service, especially for those that serve for shorter periods, is lacking in South Africa. Equally, how young veterans manage in the civilian work place is also largely neglected in the literature. In this study, I aim to fill this void by exploring the experiences and perceptions of military socialisation, reintegration and employment status. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with MSDS instructors, current and former MSDS members and employment agencies. Discussions were framed around the three key themes this study sought to investigate, namely the effect of military socialisation has on young recruits and how this influences their ability to adapt in civilian life and find gainful employment. The conclusion is reached that the values and aspirations of the millennial youth joining the military differs fundamentally from what the military requires. This is owing to this youth cohort being defined as more individualistic, lacking in discipline, selfish and opinionated. In terms of work preference, they prefer working in flexible work environments, flatter organizations, that are more participatory and less authoritarian, do not necessarily like team work unless it is collaborative and are typically risk adverse. The above character traits and work preferences stand in sharp contrast in terms of what the military desires in recruits and what the organisation can offer in terms of the work environment. The military therefore has to re-socialise young recruits in order to instil the values required by the military to transform these young civilians into soldiers. This socialisation occurs via the total institution that changes recruits fundamentally with effects that are long-lasting as it creates a military habitus which reproduces their military identity in civilian life. The results of this study show that, initially, young recruits experience this as a culture shock, but as they assimilate the military culture that they become more authoritarian, aggressive and masculine. This they convey with them as they reintegrate back into civilian society when they leave the military. However, this is not the only affect that military socialisation has on them. Given that the military is a typical total institution, the loss of institutional support and command structure results in feelings of loss, anxiety, depression and alienation when they leave. Their military habitus and dependency on the command structure in their work effects how and where they obtain employment. These effects are not similar for all military personnel. Combat branches experience finding employment more difficult as they have little skills to peddle on the labour market besides ‘military skills’. Those in the technical and support musterings, find employment easier, but because it is not accredited often have to start their second careers right at the bottom of the ladder. However, irrespective of branch, their military habitus has an impact on how well they integrate into the workplace. These findings raise concerns in terms of the effect that militarization has on the youth, their ability to reintegrate back into society and whether the military should be used, or considered as a tool for social upliftment in a country like South Africa, which is beset with violence.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Military Skills Development System (MSDS) is geïmplementeer om die verouderende mag van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW) te vernuwe met jonger lede, asook om sosiale opheffing te verskaf aan die jeug deur werkloosheid te verminder en om hulle met vaardighede toe te rus wat vir hulle van waarde sal wees om sinvolle werk in die privaatsektor te vind. Tans is min inligting beskikbaar oor die jeug wat deur die SANW in die MSDS program opgeneem word en hoe die leër se sosialisering hierdie jong millennials affekteer. Eweneens is daar ‘n leemte in navorsing oor die jeug se herintegrasie na afhandeling van militêre diens, veral van diegene wat vir korter tydperke in Suid-Afrika diens gelewer het. Die vordering van jong veterane in die werksplek word ook nie deur die literatuur aangespreek nie. Hierdie studie poog om die bogenoemde leemte te vul deur die ervarings en persepsies van militêre sosialisering, asook herintegrasie en werkstatus, te ondersoek. Fokusgroepe en individuele onderhoude is gevoer met MSDS instrukteurs, huidige en voormalige MSDS lede en werkagentskappe. Besprekings is gestruktureer rondom drie kerntemas sentraal tot hierdie ondersoek, naamlik; die effek wat militêre sosialisering op jong rekrute het, hoe dit hulle aanpassing in die burgerlike samelewing beïnvloed en die impak van militêre sosialisering op hul vermoë om betaalde werk te vind. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die waardes en aspirasies van die millennial jeug wat by die leër aansluit, grootliks verskil van die leër se vereistes. Dit is danksy ‘n jeugkohort wat beskryf word as meer individualisties, ‘n tekort aan discipline het en selfsugtig en eiewys is. In terme van werksvoorkeur, verkies hulle buigsame werksomgewings, meer gelyke organisasies wat deelnemend is en minder outoritêr, hulle hou nie noodwendig van spanwerk nie tensy dit samewerking vereis, en hulle vermy hoë risikos. Die bogenoemde karaktereienskappe en werksvoorkeure staan in skrille kontras met wat die leër van nuwe rekrute vereis en wat dié organisasie as werkgewer bied. Die leer moet dus jong rekrute her-sosialiseer om aan die vereistes van die leër te voldoen en om militêre waardes in hierdie jong burgerlikes in te boesem. Die sosialisering vind plaas via die totale instelling wat rekrute fundamenteel verander wat dan lewenslange gevolge inhou aangesien dit ‘n habitus vorm wat hulle militêre identiteit in hul lewens herproduseer. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie toon dat jong rekrute aanvanklik 'n kultuurskok ervaar, maar soos hulle die militêre kultuur assimileer, raak hulle meer outoritêr, aggressief en manlik. Na militêre diens word hierdie habitus tydens herintegrasie in die burgerlike samelewing voortgesit. Nietemin is dit nie die enigste invloed wat militêre sosialisering op hulle het nie. Gegewe dat die leër ‘n totale instelling is, veroorsaak die verlies aan institusionele ondersteuning en bevelstruktuur ‘n gevoel van verlies, angs, depressie en vervreemding wanneer hulle die militêre instelling verlaat. Die militêre habitus en afhanklikheid van die bevelstruktuur in hulle werk, beïnvloed hoe en waar hulle werk in die burgerlike samelewing kry. Hierdie uitwerkings word nie deur alle militêre personeel op dieselfde manier ervaar nie. Operasionale personeel vind dit moeiliker om werk in die burgerlike samelewing te kry, aangesien hulle oor min vaardighede beskik, behalwe hul militêre vaardighede. Diegene wat in die tegniese- en ondersteuningsvelde werk, vind dit makliker om werk in die burgerlike samelewing te kry, maar weens die feit dat nie alle kwalifikasies geakkrediteer is nie, begin hulle dikwels van voor af in hulle tweede loopbane. Ongeag hiervan beïnvloed hul militêre habitus hoe goed hulle in die werksplek integreer. Dié bevindinge wek kommer ten opsigte van die effek van die militarisering van die jeug, die vermoë van die jeug om te herintegreer in die samelewing en of die leër gebruik kan word as ‘n instrument van sosiale opheffing in ʼn land soos Suid-Afrika waar geweld ‘n bedreiging vir die samelewing inhou. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z Settler, Henrietta Monica http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100857 2017-06-01T12:00:08Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

‘Hair economies’: power and ethics in an ethnographic study of female African hairdressers in Cape Town Settler, Henrietta Monica ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this empirical study, which focused on power and ethics, I explored the relationship between the researcher and the research participant in the context of migrant African women in Cape Town. The study, located in hair styling salons, had dual aims; one ethnographic and the other methodological. In the ethnographic context of the hair salons, I sought to analyse how female migrants from African countries chose specific economic activities that express their cultural or gendered identities. Methodologically, this study was aimed at identifying and analysing how the power between the researcher and the research participants impacted on a study of migrant women’s experiences, with specific consideration of the social and economic contexts within which research participants navigate and assert their own agency. Participant observation was used as the primary data collection method, a method that I used in conjunction with semi-structured interviews. For a period of 12 weeks, between May 2013 and August 2013 I entered and engaged the social world of migrants and hair salons in Mowbray, Cape Town. From the onset securing access to the research field and participants proved to be a challenge since initial possibilities of access to a primary identified site was denied. Through a process of negotiation and securing access, I, as researcher had to confront issues of privilege in relation to migrants, even though my race and gender provided me with a degree of intersectionality in relation to African migrant women. Further, I found that not only does migrant women`s ownership and labour in hair salons disrupt imagined ideas about their mobility, but also that they asserted their agency by presenting me, the researcher, with a protracted set of rules of engagement. This resolved, to a degree, their vulnerability and my power as a researcher. By default, I managed to find a salon owner willing to grant access. The aim of the study was to interview the owner of the hair salon as well as the four hairstylists but only two stylists agreed to being interviewed. Findings from this research show the complexities of power relations between the researcher and the research participants. African migrant women in scholarship are imagined in a gendered context and almost always in relation to their partners as the primary decision-maker around migration. This study shows how African migrant women facilitate their own agency in the context of migration and how the hair styling industry provides them with a range of economic possibilities. The study further shows, notwithstanding their vulnerability as migrants, how African women in this research project exercised their agency as women by refusal, selfsilencing, determining the level and measure of participation and the content of discussions.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie empiriese studie, wat op mag en etiek gefokus was, het ek die verhouding tussen die navorser en die navorsingsdeelnemer in die konteks van vrouemigrante uit Afrika in Kaapstad ondersoek. Die studie, gesitueer in haarstileringsalonne, het tweeledige oogmerke gehad; een, etnografies en die ander metodologies. In die etnografiese konteks van die haarsalonne was my doel om te analiseer hoe vroulike migrante uit Afrika-lande spesifieke ekonomiese aktiwiteite gekies het wat aan hul kulturele of “gegenderde” identiteite uitdrukking gegee het. Metodologies gesproke was hierdie studie gemik op die identifisering en analise van hoe die mag tussen die navorser en die navorsingsdeelnemers ’n studie van vrouemigrante se ervarings beïnvloed, met spesifieke oorweging van die sosiale en ekonomiese kontekste waarbinne navorsingsdeelnemers agentskap navigeer en laat geld. Deelnemer-observasie is as die primêre data-insameling-metode gebruik, en ek het hierdie metode in samehang met semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gebruik. Vir ’n tydperk van 12 weke, tussen Mei 2013 en Augustus 2013, het ek die sosiale wêreld van migrante en haarsalonne in Mowbray, Kaapstad, betree en daaraan deelgeneem. Uit die staanspoor was die uitdaging om toegang tot die navorsingsarea en deelnemers te verkry, aangesien aanvanklike toegangsmoontlikhede tot ’n primêre geïdentifiseerde navorsingsterrein geweier is. Deur die onderhandelingsproses en die verkryging van toegang, moes ek, as navorser, vrae oor bevoorregting in verhouding met migrante konfronteer, selfs al het my ras en gender aan my ’n mate van interseksionaliteit in verhouding met vrouemigrante uit Afrika verskaf. Verder het ek gevind dat vrouemigrante se eienaarskap en arbeid in haarsalonne nie net veronderstellings oor hul mobiliteit versteur nie, maar ook dat hierdie vroue hul agentskap laat geld het deur aan my, die navorser, ’n uitgebreide stel reëls van interaksie te voorsien. Dit het, tot ’n mate, hul kwesbaarheid en my mag as ’n navorser uit die weg geruim. By verstek was ek in staat om ’n saloneienaar te vind wat bereid was om toegang te verleen. Die doel van die studie was om met die eienaar van die haarsalon, asook die vier haarstileerders, onderhoude te voer, maar slegs twee stileerders het ingestem tot onderhoude. Bevindings uit hierdie navorsing toon die kompleksiteite van die magsverhouding tussen die navorser en die navorsingsdeelnemers. In akademieskap word vrouemigrante uit Afrika in ’n “gegenderde” konteks voorgestel, en bykans altyd in verhouding tot hul lewensmaat as die primêre besluitnemer rakende migrasie. Die studie toon dat vrouemigrante uit Afrika hul eie agentskap rakende migrasie fasiliteer en dat die haarstileringsbedryf aan hulle eindelose ekonomiese moontlikhede bied. Die studie toon verder dat, ten spyte van hul kwesbaarheid as migrante, Afrika-vroue in hierdie navorsingsprojek hul agentskap as vroue uitgeoefen het deur weiering, die keuse om self stil te bly, en die bepaling van die vlak en mate van deelname, asook van die inhoud van besprekings. Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z Mordaunt-Bexiga, Michelle Mary http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100884 2017-06-01T14:22:34Z 0002-02-13T00:00:00Z

We are all only one pay cheque away from a life like this: Experiences of unemployment and homelessness at a community shelter in Somerset West, Western Cape Mordaunt-Bexiga, Michelle Mary ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Within the current economic climate, income and job security concerns are a dominant feature in public policy, day-to-day debates and conversations. The following thesis documents the daily lives of a group of mainly unemployed homeless participants who currently make use of the Somerset West Night Shelter. The thesis began as an investigation into the effects of unemployment, and subsequently the effects of homelessness. The most effective method for this process was to make use of Charmaz’s Grounded Theory approach, taking the form of structured but open-ended, flexible interviews. This led to discussions aimed specifically at facilitating the participants’ recollection of their life stories and lived experiences (2006). The individuals had an opportunity to express their personal narratives freely, without fear of repercussions or judgement. They were encouraged to share their experiences in a safe and controlled environment (the Skills Room of the Shelter), without time pressure, for as long as they wished. I conducted ten individual interviews, whereby all discussions were voice recorded in a confidential, ethical and responsible manner. Whilst participants preferred to use their given names, in order to comply fully with the Stellenbosch University ethics research policy and agreement, they were each allocated a pseudonym. These interviews, together with a summary of each participant’s experience, were paramount in formulating a number of emergent themes (or “pathways”), similar to that proposed by Chamberlain and Johnson. Such “pathways” may have preceded their current situations of unemployment and current homelessness. The dominant themes provide insight into how the participants have become both unemployed and as a result, homeless (2011). Using the theory, I deduce there is no single pathway that predisposes an individual to a critical incident leading to the dual catastrophe of unemployment and homelessness. Instead, several factors combine as a catalyst for such a drastic life change. As revealed in the conclusion of this thesis, a collection of factors, commencing from early childhood, were experienced before the participants became unemployed and subsequently, homeless. Various themes emerged when deconstructing the interviews and it would appear that certain life pathways predispose an individual to unfavourable outcomes. Such factors are aggravated when there is little or no support for destitute individuals to reposition themselves financially, with their family, socially, and most significantly, gainful employment and autonomy. For many of the participants, a lack of education and parental guidance played a significant role in their life choices, and in their current nomadic and unemployed state. A series of life crises Stinson’s theory termed them “critical incidents” that lead to homelessness, characterises most of the participants’ circumstances (2010).; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die hedendaagse ekonomiese klimaat, is besorgdheid oor inkomste en werksekerheid ‘n dominante kenmerk in openbare beleid, daaglikse debatte en gesprekke. Hierdie tesis dokumenteer die daaglikse lewe van ‘n groep van meestal werklose hawelose deelnemers wat tans gebruik maak van die Somerset-Wes Nagskuiling. Dié tesis het oorspronkilk begin as ‘n ondersoek na die uitwerking van werkloosheid, en het daarna uitgebrei na die gevolge van haweloosheid. Die mees effektiewe metode vir hierdie proses was om gebruik te maak van Charmaz se gegronde teorie benadering, deur die gebruik van gestruktureerde, maar oop, en buigbare onderhoude. Dit het gelei tot samesprekings wat spesifiek gemik was om die herinnering van deelnemers se lewensverhale en ervarings te fasiliteer (2006). Individue het dus ‘n geleentheid gehad om hul persoonlike verhale vrylik uit te druk, sonder vrees vir gevolge of oordeel. Hulle is aangemoedig om hul ervarings te deel in ‘n veilige en beheerde omgewing (die “Skills Room” van die skuiling), sonder tydbeperking, vir so lank as wat hulle wou. Terwyl deelnemers verkies het om hul eie name te gebruik, is die besluit gemaak dat om ten einde ten volle te voldoen aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se etiese navorsingsbeleid en -ooreenkoms, elke deelnemer ‘n skuilnaam toegeken is. Hierdie onderhoude, tesame met ‘n opsomming van elke deelnemer se ervaring, was uiters belangrik in die formulering van ‘n aantal ontluikende temas (of “paaie”), soortgelyk aan dié wat deur Chamberlain en Johnson voorgestel word. Sulke “paaie” kon hul huidige situasies van werkloosheid en haweloosheid voorafgegaan het. Die heersende temas gee insig tot hoe die deelnemers werkloos geword het en as gevolg daarvan, haweloos (2011). Deur gebruik te maak van hierdie teorie, lei ek af dat daar nie slegs ‘n enkele pad is wat ‘n individu lei na ‘n kritieke insident wat aanleiding gee tot die dubbele ramp van werkloosheid en haweloosheid nie. Inteendeel, kombineer verskeie faktore as ‘n katalisator vir so ‘n drastiese lewensverandering. Soos genoem in die gevolgtrekking van hierdie tesis, is verskeie faktore, wat reeds te voorskyn kom in die vroeë kinderjare, deur deelnemers ervaar voordat hulle werkloos, en daarna, haweloos geword het. Verskeie temas het na vore gekom terwyl onderhoude ontleed is en dit wil voorkom asof sekere lewenspaaie ‘n individu vatbaar maak tot ongunstige uitkomstes. Sulke faktore vererger wanneer daar min of geen ondersteuning vir behoeftige individue is om hulself finansieel te vestig nie, asook met hul familie, en sosiaal, en die belangrikste van als, om betaalde werk en outonomie te verkry nie. Vir baie van die deelnemers, speel ‘n gebrek aan opvoeding en ouerleiding ‘n belangrike rol in hul lewenskeuses asook in hul huidige nomadiese leefwyse en werkloosheid. ‘n Reeks lewenskrisisse, volgens Stinson se teorie “kritieke insidente” wat lei tot haweloosheid, is kenmerkend van die meeste deelnemers se omstandighede (2010). Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

0002-02-13T00:00:00Z Meiring, Reinette http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/101046 2017-06-02T13:21:44Z 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

A case study of women's households, sanitation and care in Zwelitsha, an informal settlement section in Stellenbosch Municipality Meiring, Reinette ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study highlights the experience of black African women living in poor households on the margins of Franschhoek and their efforts in navigating poverty against the backdrop of “development” in Langrug. Having garnered considerable media-attention as a site of successful informal settlement upgrading, Langrug has become a “celebrity community”. In the context of recent sanitation upgrading interventions, this study investigates networks of care and social reproduction in women’s households in Zwelitsha, Langrug’s most recently-settled section. The study employs a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive account of care. The findings illustrate that poor sanitation conditions and material poverty affect the level of care women can rely on and provide in the household and in the community. This thesis argues that the story of successful development in Langrug is far removed from the reality of the daily lives of many young and unemployed women who reside in Zwelitsha. Despite the significant contributions women make to their households and the community, many women are excluded from accessing the benefits of development. It is women who are well-connected who are able to access the resources and opportunities provided by community benefactors such as community leaders, non-governmental organisations and the state. Moreover, I argue that sanitation upgrading projects in Langrug, which rely primarily on the unpaid and underpaid work of poor women in the community, do not challenge the distribution of power and resources nor the gendered division of care work, and are therefore not transformative. To compensate for the absence of poor sanitation conditions, the care practices of women make up an “infrastructure of care” that sustain and maintain poor households in difficult circumstances.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie beklemtoon die ervarings van swart vroue in arm huishoudings op die buitewyke van Franschhoek en hul pogings om armoede te hanteer, teen die agtergrond van ontwikkeling in Langrug. Media-aandag het Langrug uitgelig as ‘n terrein van suksesvolle informele-nedersetting-opgradering. In die konteks van onlangse ingryping om sanitasietoestande te verbeter, ondersoek hierdie tesis vroue se netwerke van sorg en sosiale reproduksie in die huishoudings van vroue in Zwelitsha, die nuutste afdeling van Langrug. Hierdie studie maak gebruik van gemengde-metodes om ‘n omvattende weergawe te bied van sorg. Die bevindinge illustreer die effek van onvoldoende sanitasietoestande en matieriële armoede op die vlak van sorg waarop vroue kan staat maak en voorsien in die huishouding en in die gemeenskap. Hierdie tesis voer aan dat die verhaal van suskesvolle ontwikkeling in Langrug verwyder is van die daaglikse omstandighede van jong en werklose vroue in Zwelitsha. Ongeag die bydrae van vroue tot hul huishoudings en die gemeenskap, het alle vroue steeds nie toegang tot die voordele van ontwikkeling nie. By voorkeur, is dit egter vroue met strategiese verhoudings wat in staat is om voordele en geleenthede aan te gryp wat voorsien word deur gemeenskapsleiers, niestaatorganisasies (NSO) en die staat. Ek voer aan dat sanitasieopgraderingsprojekte in Langrug, wat hoofsaaklik staatmaak op die onbetaalde en onderbetaalde arbeid van arm vroue in die gemeenskap, nie die verdeling van mag en hulpbronne óf die werkverdeling van sorg uitdaag nie, en sodoende nie verandering teweegbring nie. Om te vergoed vir onvoldoende sanitasietoestande, skep vroue se sorgpraktyke ‘n “infrastruktuur van sorg” wat arm huishoudings ondersteun en onderhou in moeilike omstandighede. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z Van Heerden, Menan http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100364 2017-04-19T10:30:49Z 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Afrikaaps: A celebratory protest against the racialised hegemony of 'pure' Afrikaans Van Heerden, Menan ENGLISH ABSTRACT Afrikaaps is a multi-media (Becker and Oliphant, 2014) protest theatre production that has been performed locally and internationally between 2010 and 2015. Afrikaaps, also termed ‘Vernacular Spectacular’, is performed in Kaaps, a vernacular subvariety of Afrikaans. This approximately hourand-a-half production, directed by Catherine Henegan, involved eight mainly hip-hop artists from the Cape Flats. Through artistic means of expression such as hip-hop, performance poetry, jazz, dialogues, etc., Afrikaaps foregrounds issues pertaining to marginalised and stigmatised Kaaps in response to the racialised hegemony of standard/‘pure’ Afrikaans. Central to this response is the celebration of (an ethnified) Kaaps ‘coloured’ identification. This multi-sited ethnography has various foci: The 2010 South African and 2011 Dutch versions of the production, the 2010 documentary film with the same title, and a description and analysis of the various ways in which members of the Afrikaaps collective experience the hegemony, ideology, and fiction of ‘suiwer’ (pure) Afrikaans. Three sites are foregrounded: A performance poetry event in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, as part of the 2011 Dutch tour; the 2015 matinee performance, part of the annual Suidoosterfees in Cape Town; and the 2015 screening of the Afrikaaps documentary by student collective Open Stellenbosch at Stellenbosch University. I discuss the ways in which each site aims to subvert the hegemony. I show that Afrikaaps is a case study of the heterogeneity of Afrikaans. I argue that the celebration of Kaaps by the production and the positive identification with Kaaps by members of the Afrikaaps collective are extremely relevant within the current climate. In the wake of the nationwide #AfrikaansMustFall protests, this climate encompasses the deliberate, renewed recognition and celebration of Afrikaans varieties other than standard Afrikaans in the public sphere. The conceptualisation of Afrikaans as an indigenous, ‘creole’ language relates to current, opposing views of the Afrikaans language as a ‘colonial’ language and an African language. Afrikaaps aims to subvert the general perception of Afrikaans as a ‘white’ language of the ‘white’ Afrikaner oppressor. I concurrently argue that the production endeavours to connect the Afrikaans language to an ethnicity other than ‘white Afrikaners’, namely ‘coloured’ Kaaps-speakers. I demonstrate that the use of Kaaps is a decolonising political tool (Erasmus, 2006) in response to the general perception of Afrikaans as a ‘colonial’ language. A concurrent aim of the production includes the encouragement of ‘coloured’ Kaaps-speakers from the Cape Flats to be proud of their mother-tongue and their claimed indigenous (Khoi and San) and slave (‘Malay’) cultural heritage. I regard the emphasis on the symbolic value of Kaaps by the production as imperative to the reclaiming of a positive identification with Kaaps. I accordingly argue that Afrikaaps ‘re-imagines’ negative notions of ‘coloured’ by celebrating ‘creolised’ ‘coloured’ identification iv ‘re-imagines’ negative notions of ‘coloured’ by celebrating ‘creolised’ ‘coloured’ identification (Erasmus, 2001). I emphasise that the encouragement by Afrikaaps to ‘reclaim’ Afrikaans ‘for all who speak it’ links with the topical debate ‘to whom does Afrikaans belong’. The production encourages all Afrikaans-speakers to ‘reclaim’ the ‘creole’ language formed in the early, cosmopolitan Cape in response to the hegemony. Afrikaans is thereby conceptualised as inclusive and ‘liberated’; the racialised divide within the Afrikaans speech community can therefore be bridged. I argue that these claims express a current hope for Afrikaans to be viewed as a language of ‘transformation’.; AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Afrikaaps is ’n multi-media (Becker en Oliphant, 2014) protes-teaterproduksie wat plaaslik en internasionaal tussen 2010 en 2015 opgevoer is. Afrikaaps, wat ook ‘Vernacular Spectacular’ (Omgangstaalskouspel) genoem word, word in Kaaps, ’n vernakulêre variëteit van Afrikaans, opgevoer. Hierdie ongeveer uur-en-’n-half-lange produksie onder regie van Catherine Henegan betrek agt hoofsaaklik hip-hop kunstenaars van die Kaapse Vlakte. Deur artistieke vorme van uitdrukking soos hip-hop, die gesproke woord, jazz, dialoog, ens., laat val Afrikaaps lig op kwessies in verband met gemarginaliseerde en gestigmatiseerde Kaaps in reaksie op die rasse-hegemonie van standaard/‘suiwer’ Afrikaans. Sentraal tot hierdie reaksie is die viering van ʼn (‘ge-etnifiseerde’) ‘bruin’ Kaaps-identifikasie. Hierdie multi-terrein etnografie het verskeie fokuspunte: die 2010 Suid-Afrikaanse en 2011 Nederlandse weergawes van die produksie; die 2010 dokumentêre film met dieselfde titel; en ’n beskrywing en analise van die verskeie maniere waarop lede van die Afrikaaps-geselskap die hegemonie, ideologie, en fiksie van ‘suiwer’ Afrikaans ervaar. Drie terreine word op die voorgrond gestel: ’n aanbieding in die gesproke woord in Amsterdam, Nederland, as deel van die Nederlandse toer in 2011; die 2015 matinee-opvoering, as deel van die jaarlikse Suidoosterfees in Kaapstad; en die vertoning van die Afrikaaps-dokumentêr deur die Open Stellenbosch studentegroep by die Universiteit Stellenbosch in 2015. Ek bespreek die maniere waarop elke terrein beoog om die hegemonie te ondermyn. Ek toon aan dat Afrikaaps ’n gevallestudie van die heterogeniteit van Afrikaans is. Ek argumenteer dat die viering van Kaaps deur die produksie en die positiewe identifikasie met Kaaps deur lede van Afrikaaps-geselskap uiters relevant is binne die huidige klimaat. Na aanleiding van die landwye ‘#AfrikaansMustFall’ opstande, sluit hierdie klimaat die doelbewuste, hernude erkenning en viering van Afrikaans-variëteite anders as standaard Afrikaans in die openbare sfeer in. Die konseptualisering van Afrikaans as ’n inheemse, ‘kreoolse’ taal hou verband met die huidige, opponerende sienings van die Afrikaanse taal as ’n ‘koloniale’ taal en as ’n Afrikataal. Afrikaaps poog om die algemene siening van Afrikaans as ʼn ‘wit’ taal van die ‘wit’ Afrikaner-onderdrukker te ondermyn. Terselftertyd argumenteer ek dat die produksie dus poog om die Afrikaanse taal met ’n etnisiteit anders as ‘wit Afrikaners’ te assosieer, naamlik ‘bruin’ Kaaps-sprekers. Ek demonstreer dat die gebruik van Kaaps as ʼn dekoloniserende politieke strategie is (Erasmus, 2006) as reaksie op die algemene persepsie van Afrikaans as ʼn ‘koloniale’ taal. ’n Gepaardgaande doel van die produksie sluit in die aanmoediging van ‘bruin’ Kaaps-sprekers van die Kaapse Vlakte om trots op hul moedertaal en hul beweerde inheemse (Khoi en San) en slawe (‘Maleise’) kulturele erfenis te wees. Ek beskou die klem op die simboliese waarde van Kaaps deur die produksie as noodsaaklik ten einde positiewe identifikasie met Kaaps te herwin. Daarvolgens argumenteer ek dat Afrikaaps negatiewe opvattings van ‘bruin’ ‘her-verbeel’ deur ‘gekreoliseerde’ ‘bruin’ identifikasie te vier (Erasmus, 2001). Ek wys daarop dat die aanmoediging om Afrikaans te ‘herwin’ ‘vir almal wat dit praat’ skakel met die aktuele debat ‘aan wie behoort Afrikaans’. Die produksie moedig alle Afrikaanssprekendes aan om die ‘kreoolse’ taal, wat aan die vroeë, kosmopolitiese Kaap gevorm is, te herwin in reaksie op die hegemonie. Afrikaans word dus gekonseptualiseer as inklusief en ‘bevry’; die rasse-kloof binne die Afrikaanse taalgemeenskap kan dus oorbrug word. Ek argumenteer dat hierdie eise spreek tot ’n huidige hoopvolle siening van Afrikaans as ’n taal van ‘transformasie’. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z Carolus, Gabriela Penelope http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100045 2017-03-15T10:27:05Z 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Politics and performance of a literacy intervention in Cape Town: School libraries and the new subjection of volunteerism. Carolus, Gabriela Penelope ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1994, policy-driven research in South Africa led by the Department of Education (DoE) and Library Information Sciences (LIS) in resource-poor schools has focused on the absence of teaching and learning the material, teacher support for poor numeracy, and literacy pass rates. In addition, research has been particularly concerned with teachers and poor literacy results across Grade 3 and 6 cohorts. I argue that "literacy" and "literacy rates" are complex political and educational concerns in South Africa. I argue further that a historical examination of the notion of a "school library" in South Africa, its deployment in education policies and programmes, and the effects of school libraries on individuals who work in them should inform our understanding of these concerns. Based on ethnographic research within a non-profit organisation in South Africa which aims to realise a school library in every school, I develop here a framework for understanding the complex processes that shape the school library as a particular kind of policy and political object. Investigating the school library in historical and political context allows for a more in-depth understanding of the outcome of a policy campaign and those implementing the policy. Through a close examination of the policy campaign, I aim to illustrate the relations between stakeholders and role-players in the context of the school library campaign developed by Equal Education and its spin-off, The Bookery. An ethnographic approach to the literacy campaign enabled me to develop an intimate knowledge of a particular non-governmental organisation and the complex relations between volunteers, employees, and activists.; AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Sedert 1994 lei die Departement van Onderwys (DvO) en Biblioteek Inligting Wetenskappe (BIW) beleid navorsing oor beleid in minderbevoorregte skole. Navorsing fokus veral op die afwesigheid van onderrig en leer- en onderrigmateriaal, onderwyser ondersteuning vir swak numeriese vaardighede, asook die verswakte geletterdheidslaag vereiste. Daar word ook klem gelê op die swak geletterdheid uitslae, met meer spesifieke fokus op Graad 3 en 6. My mening is dat “geletterdheid” en “geletterdheidstatistiek” van die komplekse politiese en opvoedkundige bekommernisse in Suid-Afrika is. Verder beklemtoon ek hoe die bogenoemde kwessies slegs verstaan kan word indien die historiese konteks van “die skoolbiblioteek” in Suid-Afrika in ag geneem word. Dit sluit in die voorgestelde implementering daarvan in opvoedkundige beleide en programme asook die ervaringe van en uitwerkings op individue wat in die skoolbiblioteek werk. Hierdie studie werk is gebaseer op etnografiese navorsing in ’n nie-winsgewende organisasie in Suid-Afrika wat beywer om ’n skoolbiblioteek in elke skool op te rig. Ek wil hiermee ’n raamwerk voorstel om die bogenoemde komplekse prosesse uit te wys. Die raamwerk dui aan dat die skoolbiblioteek as ’n politiese en beleid voorwerp. So ʼn kontekstueel histories- en politiese-ontleding van die skoolbiblioteek dra by tot ’n insiggewende begrip van die uitkomstes van ʼn spesifieke beleidsveldtog, asook die rolspelers was by die implementering daarvan betrokke is. Met deeglike ondersoek van beleidsveldtogte, illustreer ek die dinamiek tussen aandeelhouers en rolspelers soos dit uitspeel in die konteks van die skoolbiblioteek veldtog, wat onderskeidelike deur “Equal Education” en sy afstammeling, die “Bookery”, ontwikkel is. So ʼn etnografiese benadering tot die skoolbiblioteek veldtog het dit moontlik gemaak om intieme kennis van ʼn spesifieke nie-regerende organisasie op te doen en om die komplekse verhoudings tussen vrywilligers, werkers en aktiviste uit te beeld. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z Steyn, Adriaan Stefanus http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/100026 2017-03-10T09:52:58Z 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

A new laager for a “new” South Africa: Afrikaans film and the imagined boundaries of Afrikanerdom Steyn, Adriaan Stefanus ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Afrikaans film industry came into existence in 1916, with the commercial release of De Voortrekkers (Shaw), and, after 1948, flourished under the guardianship of the National Party. South Africa’s democratic transition, however, seemed to announce the death of the Afrikaans film. In 1998, the industry entered a nine-year slump during which not a single Afrikaans film was released on the commercial circuit. Yet, in 2007, the industry was revived and has been expanding rapidly ever since. This study is an attempt to explain the Afrikaans film industry’s recent success and also to consider some of its consequences. To do this, I situate the Afrikaans film industry within a larger – and equally flourishing – Afrikaans culture industry. I argue that the Afrikaans language’s uncoupling from the state has shifted the preservation and promotion of the language into market-driven domains. I show that Afrikaans-language media and cultural commodities – like film – are mostly tailored to and consumed by white Afrikaans-speakers. And I ask: if a “distinct” Afrikaner identity was first forged within the cultural sphere, through cultural rituals and through the consumption of Afrikaans media forms, what kind of subjectivities are, in the present moment, being produced by the Afrikaans culture industry? Specifically, I consider the ways in which the Afrikaans culture industry is reifying social life, how it is reaffirming the imagined boundaries of Afrikanerdom, and how, through the consumption of its products, Afrikaners can imagine – or re-imagine – themselves as members of the same collectivity or laager.; AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Die Afrikaanse rolprentbedryf het ontstaan in 1916, met die kommersiële vrystelling van De Voortrekkers (Shaw) en het, na 1948, floreer onder the voogdyskap van die Nasionale Party. Tydens Suid-Afrika se demokratiese oorgang het dit egter gelyk of die dood van die Afrikaanse film op hande was. In 1998 het die industrie ’n nege-jaar periode binne getree waartydens nie ’n enkele Afrikaanse film op die kommersiële kringloop vrygestel is nie. Maar in 2007 het die Afrikaanse film teruggekeer na die silwerskerm en die Afrikaanse rolprentbedryf het, sedertdien, vinnig uitgebrei. Hierdie studie is ’n poging om die Afrikaanse rolprentbedryf se onlangse sukses te verduidelik ek ook om die gevolge daarvan te oorweeg. Om dit te doen, plaas ek die Afrikaanse rolprentbedryf binne ’n groter – en ewe florerende – Afrikaanse kultuurindustrie. Ek voer aan dat die Afrikaanse taal se ontkoppeling van die staat aanleiding daartoe gegee het dat die preservering en bevordering van die taal na markgedrewe domeine verskuif het. Ek wys uit dat Afrikaanstalige media en kulturele kommoditeite – soos film – meestal geproduseer word vir en verbruik word deur blanke Afrikaanssprekendes. En ek vra: as ’n “unieke” Afrikaner-identiteit vir die eerste keer binne die kulturele sfeer gesmee is, deur kulturele rituele en deur die verbruik van Afrikaanse media vorms, watse subjektiwiteite word, in die hede, geproduseer deur die Afrikaanse kultuurindustrie? Ek oorweeg spesifiek die wyses waarop die Afrikaanse kultuurindustrie sosiale lewe reïfiseer, hoe dit die verbeelde grense van Afrikanerdom herbevestig, en hoe, deur die verbruik van die industrie se produkte, Afrikaners hulself kan verbeel – of herverbeel – as lede van dieselfde kollektiwiteit of laer. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z Carls, Kim http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98850 2016-05-05T08:27:10Z 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z

The changing face of Woodstock : a study of inner-city gentrification Carls, Kim ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The term ‘gentrification’ was first coined by sociologist Ruth Glass in 1964 as she studied the inner-city neighbourhoods of London. She found that neighbourhoods experiencing urban decay would be rejuvenated through an invasion of the middle-class, which would subsequently lead to the displacement of the original working-class residents living in the area. According to Glass’s analysis, gentrification has the ability to change and reshape the social geography and social character of an inner-city neighbourhood like Woodstock in Cape Town, the site of my study. The physical and economic changes taking place in Lower Woodstock may also be labelled as ‘rejuvenation’, ‘renewal’ and ‘upgrading’, and in this way be viewed as an attempt by the City of Cape Town to elevate the neighbourhood out of a physically and economically decaying state. Consistent with this view, in 2004 the National Treasury rezoned large parts of Woodstock as Urban Development Zones (UDZ) and implemented the National Treasury’s tax incentives programme to ‘encourage the refurbishment and construction of commercial and residential property in inner-city areas’ (National Treasury, 2004). As these urban changes increasingly take place in Lower Woodstock, poor, working-class residents are increasingly at risk of falling victim to gentrification, by being displaced out of the neighbourhood. The focus of this study is on the longterm residents of Lower Woodstock and their views on the urban changes taking place around them.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die term ‘gentrification' is eers in 1964 geskep deur die sosioloog Ruth Glass toe sy die middestad buurte van Londen bestudeer het. Sy het gevind dat die woonbuurte wat stedelike verval ervaar, deur 'n inval van die middelklas, hernuwing sou beleef, wat daarna tot die verplasing van die oorspronklike werkersklas inwoners van die gebied sou lei. Volgens Glass se analise, het ‘gentrification’ die vermoë om die sosiale geografie en sosiale karakter van ‘n middestad omgewing soos Woodstock in Kaapstad, die terrein van my studie, te verander. Die fisiese en ekonomiese veranderinge wat plaasvind in Laer Woodstock kan ook as ‘vernuwing’, ‘hernuwing’ en ‘opgradering’ beskryf word, en kan dus as’n poging deur die Stad om die omgewing van 'n fisiese en ekonomiese vervallende staat te verhef gesien word. In ooreenstemming met hierdie siening, het die Nasionale Tesourie in 2004, groot dele van Woodstock as stedelike ontwikkelingsones hersoneer en implementeer die Nasionale Tesourie belasting aansporing program geimplementeer, om die opknapping en konstruksie van kommersiële en residensiële eiendomme in die middestad gebiede aan te moedig (Nasionale Tesourie, 2004). Die stedelike veranderinge wat al hoe meer in Laer Woodstock plaasvind, verhoog die risiko dat arm, werkersklas mense uit die gebied ontwortel word. As gevolg hiervan word die inwoners dan slagoffers van ‘gentrification’. Die fokus van hierdie studie is die lang-termyn inwoners van Laer Woodstock en hul standpunte oor die stedelike veranderinge wat rondom hulle plaasvind. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-04-01T00:00:00Z Kriel, Berenice Gwendoline http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98797 2016-06-20T10:35:05Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

The Adam Tas student association and the tension between Afrikaans identity and transformation at Stellenbosch University Kriel, Berenice Gwendoline ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After 1994, transformation interventions in all sectors of South African society were needed to adequately address socio-economic disparities caused by apartheid policies. The objective of equalising conditions between 'racially' divided categories within the education sector was thus a high priority for the newly elected democratic government. Higher education institutions, including Stellenbosch University (SU) also recognised the need for transformation to eradicate 'racial' inequalities at formerly white Afrikaans institutions. However, given these inequalities, the interventions at SU led to disagreements over language policy that resulted in a fiery taaldebat (language debate). This in turn, also gave rise to tensions between maintaining an Afrikaans identity for the university versus transforming it into a multicultural one in which English as medium of instruction would be increasingly used. It is precisely because SU was still grappling with the above that I decided to embark on a study that investigated the complexities emerging in the nexus between transformation, language and identity, by focusing on a student initiative, the Adam Tas association. This study seeks to understand how the process of transformation is unfolding at a historically Afrikaans university (HAU) where identity politics plays a major role in terms of linguistic and 'racial' matters. The second objective is to provide a better understanding of what the Adam Tas student association entails as well as to investigate its goals and actions in a broader contextual perspective. My research is also geared towards discovering what the future of teaching in Afrikaans might be on university and national level. Lastly, this anthropological study attempts to provide the reader with an alternative understanding of the challenges that are associated with the transformation process of a HAU, within the larger context of higher education transformation in South Africa. The uncertainty surrounding the 'higher functions' of Afrikaans, brought about by the implementation of a more inclusive language policy at SU, resulted in the establishment of Adam Tas by a group of students. The association's motto of 'Transformation through Afrikaans‟ is indicative of Adam Tas's strong association with only one language, Afrikaans. This emphasis on Afrikaans is thus contradictory to its claim of supporting the inclusion and integration of all diverse 'racial' categories. Despite Adam Tas's claim that it is in agreement with university management regarding SU being in need of transformation, the vision of this association is also contradictory to one of the goals of university management: transforming Stellenbosch University into a non-ethnic university. In drawing conclusions on the discourse of identity, my research showed that Adam Tas is still viewed by many non-white, non-Afrikaans-speakers at SU as a white, Afrikaner association with a right-wing agenda, despite its numerous efforts to rid the association of this exclusive image. Another finding regarding Adam Tas is that it is promoting Afrikaner culture through its numerous activities and social events which have strong links to white, Afrikaner culture. The fact that the majority of its membership is white and Afrikaans-speaking, contributes to the association‟s white, Afrikaner identity, in a concrete and visible manner.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na 1994 was transformasie intervensies in alle sektore binne die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing nodig om sosio-ekonomiese ongelykhede, veroorsaak deur apartheidsbeleid, voldoende aan te spreek. Die doelwit van die nuut verkose regering om kondisies binne die opvoedkundige sektor gelyk te maak, was dus 'n hoë prioriteit. Hoër onderwysinstellings, ingeslote Universiteit Stellenbosch (US), het ook die behoefte aan transformasie raakgesien as 'n middel om rasse-ongelykhede by historiese Afrikaanse universiteite (HAUs) uit te roei. Gegewe hierdie ongelykhede, het die implementering van transformerende intervensies by US egter gelei tot verskille rakende taalbeleid wat in 'n vurige taaldebat ontaard het. Laasgenoemde het weer op sy beurt aanleiding gegee tot spanning tussen die behoud van 'n Afrikaanse identiteit vir die universiteit teenoor die transformering van hierdie identiteit in 'n multikulturele een waar Engels as voertaal meer prominent gebruik sou word. Weens die feit dat US nog steeds met die bogenoemde kwessies worstel, het ek besluit om hierdie studie aan te pak waarin die komplekse verhouding tussen transformasie, taal en identiteit ondersoek word, deur te fokus op 'n studente-inisiatief, die Adam Tas studente-organisasie. Dié studie stel ondersoek in na die wyse waarop die transformasieproses by 'n HAU ontvou, waar identiteitspolitiek 'n groot rol speel by taal- en rasse-kwessies. Die tweede doelwit is om 'n beter begrip van die Adam Tas studente-organisasie te bied asook hul doelwitte en aksies in 'n breër kontekstuele perspektief te ondersoek. My navorsing is ook gerig op wat die toekoms vir Afrikaanse onderrig op universiteits – asook nasionale vlak mag inhou. Ten slotte, poog dié antropologiese studie om 'n alternatiewe begrip aan die leser te bied in terme van die uitdagings wat geassosieer word met die transformasie-proses van 'n HAU, binne die groter konteks van hoër onderwys transformasie in Suid-Afrika. Die implementering van 'n meer inklusiewe taalbeleid by US, het verhoogde onsekerheid rondom die 'hoër funksies' van Afrikaans meegebring, wat weer gelei het tot die stigting van Adam Tas deur 'n groep studente. Die motto van die organisasie, 'Transformasie deur Afrikaans', dui op Adam Tas se sterk bande met slegs een taal, Afrikaans. Dié klem op Afrikaans is teenstrydig met hul bewering dat hulle inklusiwiteit en integrasie van alle diverse groepe steun. Alhoewel Adam Tas beweer om in ooreenstemming met universiteitsbestuur te wees dat US transformasie benodig, blyk hul visie teenstrydig te wees met een van die doelwitte van die universiteit: om die universiteit in 'n nie-etniese instelling te omskep. Aangaande die identiteitsdiskoers, het navorsing getoon dat Adam Tas nog steeds deur die meerderheid nie-wit, nie-Afrikaanstaliges by US as 'n wit, Afrikaner-organisasie met 'n regse agenda beskou word, ten spyte van verskeie pogings om die organisasie juis van hierdie eksklusiewe beeld te stroop. 'n Verdere bevinding oor Adam Tas was dat die organisasie Afrikaner-kultuur bevorder het deur hul vele aktiwiteite en sosiale funksies wat sterk bande met wit, Afrikaner-kultuur weerspiëel het. Die feit dat die meerderheid van hul lede wit, Afrikaans-moedertaalsprekers is, dra by tot die assosiasie met wit, Afrikaner-identiteit op 'n meer konkrete en sigbare wyse. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Dlamini, Nothile http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98667 2016-06-15T06:15:02Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

Teenage mothers’ experiences of motherhood : schooling, stigma and learned responsibility : a case study of teenage mothers of school going age in a peri-urban area in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Dlamini, Nothile ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study seeks to contribute to research that seeks to understand experiences of teenage motherhood. Drawing on the experiences of fifteen (15) teenage mothers between the ages of 15 to 19 years old, in and out of school, this study investigates the experiences of motherhood among a sample of teenage mothers in a peri-urban area in KwaZulu Natal. Utilising the qualitative approach in the form of semi-structured interviews, the study aimed to investigate teenage mothers’ experiences of motherhood. The focus is of the study is mainly on understanding factors that lead to teenage pregnancy, teenage mothers own risky sexual behavior and lack of access to contraceptives and how this has a bearing on teenage pregnancy. The study further examines the stigma experienced by teenage mothers as well as the gendered notions of this experience. Teenage mothers’ reasons for staying in school, as well as the factors leading up to those decide to leave school are also explored in the study. Findings suggest that teenage motherhood presents with feelings of fear and sadness at the realisation of the pregnancy. Family reactions at finding out also differ with some experiencing anger, and disappointment at the pregnancy. Often, participants reported that they were not aware that they were pregnant and had symptoms of teenage pregnancy and for some; knowledge of their pregnancy came from the boyfriend and father of the child before their realised that they are pregnant. The participants related reasons for returning to school as influenced by their need to have a better job in the future and to take care of their children. Others returned to school because of influence by parents who had been teenage mothers and returned to school. Some of the participants argued that support from teachers played a role in decisions to stay in school. Those participants who left school did so due to lack of support from family and friends and teachers attitudes towards them during and after the pregnancy, as well as financial constraints and not having anyone to take care of the child while they are in school. I conclude that understanding how teenage mothers themselves experience motherhood will assist in unravelling the complex situations and inform policy on structural, context-specific interventions that will help keep teenage mothers in the education system.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om by te dra tot navorsing wat daarop gemik is om ervaringe van tienermoederskap verstaan. Teken op die ervarings van vyftien (15) tienermoeders tussen die ouderdomme van 15 tot 19 jaar oud, in en uit van die skool, die studie ondersoek die ervarings van moederskap onder 'n monster van tienermoeders in 'n peri-stedelike gebied in KwaZulu- Natal. Benutting van die kwalitatiewe benadering in die vorm van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, die studie is daarop gerig om ervarings van moederskap tienermoeders 'te ondersoek. Die fokus is van die studie is hoofsaaklik op die begrip van faktore wat lei tot tienerswangerskappe, tiener moeders besit riskante seksuele gedrag en 'n gebrek aan toegang tot voorbehoedmiddels en hoe dit 'n invloed op tienerswangerskappe. Die studie ondersoek verder die stigma ervaar deur tienermoeders asook die gendered begrippe van hierdie ervaring. Redes tienermoeders 'vir die besluit om te bly in die skool, asook die faktore wat gelei het tot die besluit om die skool te verlaat, word ook ondersoek in die studie. Bevindinge dui daarop dat tienermoederskap presenteer met gevoelens van vrees en hartseer by die verwesenliking van die swangerskap. Familie reaksies by om uit te vind ook verskil met 'n paar ervaar woede, teleurstelling en die swangerskap. Dikwels, deelnemers het gerapporteer dat hulle nie bewus was dat hulle swanger was en het simptome van tienerswangerskappe en vir 'n paar; kennis van hul swangerskap het van die kêrel en vader van die kind voor hulle besef dat hulle swanger is. Die deelnemers verwante redes vir die terugkeer na die skool as beïnvloed deur hul behoefte om 'n beter werk in die toekoms te hê en om te sorg van hul kinders. Ander teruggekeer na skool as gevolg van die invloed van ouers wat tienermoeders was en teruggekeer na die skool. Sommige van die deelnemers het aangevoer dat die ondersteuning van onderwysers 'n rol gespeel in die besluit om te bly in die skool. Die deelnemers wat die skool verlaat het so weens 'n gebrek aan ondersteuning van familie en vriende en onderwysers houdings teenoor hulle tydens en na die swangerskap, sowel as finansiële beperkinge en nie met iemand om te sorg van die kind terwyl hulle in die skool. Ek aflei dat die begrip van hoe tienermoeders self ervaar moederskap sal help ontrafel die komplekse situasies en inlig beleid oor strukturele, konteksspesifieke ingrypings wat sal help om tienermoeders in die onderwysstelsel. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Mputa, Constance Kholeka http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98604 2016-06-01T07:30:15Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

Evaluating the implementation of employment equity in a pharmaceutical company : a case study Mputa, Constance Kholeka ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This qualitative single case study explored the implementation of employment equity in a pharmaceutical company referred to as Medco and the factors that played a role in that regard. A case study design was used to conduct the research using mixed methods of data collection such as qualitative interviews (face to face and telephone), focus group and company documents. Despite the introduction of the Employment Equity Act No. 55 of 1998 (as amended) 17 years ago to deal with inequalities and discrimination, the South African labour market remains hierarchical with blacks concentrated at the lower levels and white males occupying decision making positions. The results show that designated groups who managed to reach top echelons in the company are fewer than the 35% recommended threshold for critical mass to have a meaningful voice. Using the business case approach to respond to diversity in Medco ensures the continuation of the white male agenda to conceal white privilege, and ignore issues affecting diversity. By concentrating on numerical representation to ensure legal compliance to the Employment Equity Act, consideration for profits and market dominance, the company did not pay attention to the power dynamics and privilege affecting the different groups in the company. The failure of the company to achieve its equity targets has been largely due to external factors such as volatile business environment affecting employers in the pharmaceutical sector as a result of globalisation. The limited pool of employees from designated groups available that employers compete for as a result of shortages was another factor affecting employers in the sector. Instead of investing in training employers embark on quick fix solutions of poaching from competitors to comply with legislative requirements by offering designated groups improved packages. The slow pace of transforming the South African labour market implies that it will be some time before equality is reached and see the end of Employment Equity Act.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die implementering van billike indiensneming in 'n farmaseutiese maatskappy (verwys na as Medco) en die faktore wat 'n rol in dié verband speel. 'n Gevalstudie-metode is gebruik en inligting is deur middel van verskeie datainsamelingstegnieke bekom, naamlik persoonlike en fokusgroeponderhoude asook maatskapydokumente wat onder andere longitudinale personeelstatistiek bevat. Ten spyte van die bekendstelling 17 jaar gelede van die Wet op Gelyke Regte No. 55 van 1998 (soos gewysig) om ongelykhede en diskriminasie aan te spreek, bly die Suid- Afrikaanse arbeidsmark gekenmerk deur hiërargiese struktuur waar swartmense nog steeds gekonsentreer is in laer vlakke en wit mans in besluitnemingsposisies. Die resultate toon dat die aangewese groepe nie daarin slaag om die topstrukture in die maatskappy te bereik nie en steeds minder as 35% verteenwoordig, wat die persentasie is om die drumpel van 'n kritieke massa te vorm om 'n betekenisvolle stem hê. Die feit dat Medco besigheidsgevalbenadering volg om diversiteit te bevorder lei ook tot die voortsetting van die huidige situasie wat wit mans bevoordeel en dit gee ook aanleiding daartoe dat diversiteitskwessies grootliks geïgnoreer word. Deur te konsentreer op numeriese verteenwoordiging om wetlik aan die Wet op Gelyke Indiensneming te voldoen, sowel as die belang om winste en mark-oorheersing te verseker, dra daartoe by dat die maatskappy nie voldoende aandag aan die magsdinamika en bevoorregting van die verskillende groepe gee nie. Die mislukking van die maatskappy om die ekwitiwiteitsdoelwitte te bereik, is grootliks toe te skryf aan eksterne faktore soos die onbestendige sakeomgewing in die farmaseutiese sektor en globalisasie. Die beperkte poel van werknemers uit die aangewese groepe is nog faktor wat rol speel. In plaas daarvan om 'n belegging in die opleiding van werknemers te maak, is die kitsoplossing om werkers uit die aangewese groepe van mededingers te lok deur beter pakkette sodat maatskappye aan die wetlike vereistes kan voldoen. Dit gee aanleiding tot die stadige pas van transformasie in die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark en dit sal lank neem voordat diensbillikheid bereik word. Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Adetiba, Olumide Frederick http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98551 2016-06-20T10:10:05Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

The challenges of curbing corruption in a democracy : the case of the Public Protector and Nkandla Adetiba, Olumide Frederick ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corruption as a global phenomenon has remained a recurring subject in development and nationbuilding discussions, particularly in Africa. Across the continent, there is a growing concern about the negative effect of corruption on economic development, with grave consequences for the wellbeing of citizens. The media in Africa is inundated with news of corrupt activities of public officials on a daily basis. Despite efforts that are being made at all levels – national, regional and international - corruption appears to be on the increase rather than declining. This aptly describes the situation in South Africa where, since transition to democratic governance in 1994, corruption has been one of the major problems the different administrations have had to contend with. Since 1994, there has been the enactment and ratification of national, regional and international conventions, as well as the establishment of numerous institutions to address the problem of corruption. The problem has persisted despite all these efforts. It is to this end that this study seeks to understand the challenges of curbing corruption in a democratic system such as South Africa. To help understand these challenges, the handling of the Nkandla case by the Public Protector has been used as a case study. The bureaucratic organisational model is employed to aid understanding of the prevailing governance and leadership structure in South Africa. It is argued that neo-patrimonialism, which best defines the existing leadership structure, engenders patronage networks that on one hand create the avenue for corruption and on the other, make it difficult to address the problem. This study argues that the patronage network of relationships that exist between the President and various state organs involved in the implementation and investigation of the Nkandla project gave rise to the challenges the Public Protector experienced in the course of investigating the case. Other specific challenges of curbing corruption that emerged include lack of political will to address the problem, political interference in the operations of anti-corruption institutions, internal capacity constraints and institutional framework deficiencies. The conclusion reached is that for South Africa to make progress in the fight against corruption, these issues have to be addressed. For instance, as part of the strategy to address institutional framework deficiencies, there is a need to reconsider the suitability of a single, well-empowered and independent anti-corruption agency, with a clearly defined mandate. Although the status of the recommendations of the Public Protector regarding the Nkandla case are soon be addressed by the Constitutional Court, it is important to still have a dedicated anti-corruption agency so as to avoid the current problem of a multiplicity of reports and the overlap of responsibilities, which amounts to poor coordination and a waste of public resources.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korrupsie as 'n globale verskynsel en is ʼn onderwerp wat aanhoudend opkom in die ontwikkeling en nasiebou besprekings, veral in Afrika. Oor die hele vasteland, is daar 'n groeiende kommer oor die negatiewe uitwerking wat korrupsie op ekonomiese ontwikkeling het endie ernstige gevolge wat dit vir die welsyn v burgers inhou. Die media in Afrika is op 'n daaglikse basis oorval met nuus van die korrupte aktiwiteite van openbare amptenare. Ten spyte van pogings wat op alle vlakke gemaak word- nasionale, streek- en internasionale, blyk dit of korrupsie eerder styg as bedaar. Dit beskryf gepas die situasie in Suid-Afrika, waar sedert die oorgang na ʼn demokratiese regering in 1994, korrupsie een van die grootste probleme is wat die verskillende administrasies moet aanspreek. Sedert 1994, is daaraanvaarding en ratifikasie van verskeie nasionale, streeks- en internasionale konvensies, asook die vestiging van talle instellings om die probleem van korrupsie aan te spreek. Ondanks al hierdie pogings, duur die probleem voort. Om hierdie rede poog die studie poog om die uitdagings van die bekamping van korrupsie in 'n demokratiese stelsel soos Suid-Afrika te verstaan. Om o hierdie uitdagings te begryp, word die saak Nkandla deur die Openbare Beskermer gebruik as 'n gevallestudie. Burokratiese organisatoriese model is gebruik om ons begrip van die heersende regering en leierskap struktuur in Suid-Afrika te ontleed. Dit is aangevoer dat neo-patrimonialisme die bestaande leierskap struktuur verduidelik, en dat dit begunstigingte netwerke kweek wat aan die een kant die baan vir korrupsie bevorder en aan die ander, dit moeilik om die probleem aan te spreek. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat die begunstiginge netwerke van verhoudings wat bestaan tussen die President en verskeie staatsorgane wat betrokke was by die implementering en ondersoek van die Nkandla-projek het aanleiding gegee tot die uitdagings wat die Openbare Beskermer ervaar het in die afloop van die ondersoek van die saak. Ander spesifieke uitdagings van die bekamping van korrupsie wat na vore gekom het sluit die gebrek aan politieke wil in om die probleem aan te spreek, politieke inmenging in die werksaamhede van anti-korrupsie instellings, interne kapasiteit beperkings en institusionele raamwerk tekortkominge. Die gevolgtrekking is dat as Suid-Afrika vordering wil maak om die stryd teen korrupsie te wen, dat hierdie kwessies aangespreek moet word. Byvoorbeeld, as deel van 'n strategie om institusionele raamwerk tekortkominge aan te spreek, is daar 'n behoefte om die geskiktheid van 'n enkele, goed bemagtigde en onafhanklike teenkorrupsie-agentskap met ʼn duidelike mandaat te heroorweeg. Alhoewel, die status van die aanbevelings van die Openbare Beskermer rakende die geval Nkandla binnekort deur die Konstitusionele Hof aangespreek gaan word, is dit belangrik om steeds 'n toegewyde anti-korrupsie agentskap om die huidige probleem van veelvuldige verslae en oorvleueling van verantwoordelikhede te vermy, wat neerkom op swak koördinasie en vermorsing van staatsgeld. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Wiltshire, Anne http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98466 2016-06-14T06:03:30Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

Negotiating labour insecurity : a case study of temporary off-farm workers in the deciduous fruit sector in Ceres Wiltshire, Anne ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis develops a socio-economic profile of temporary off-farm workers and examines how they negotiate labour insecurity in a context of high unemployment and casualisation of work. This is realised through a case study of temporary off-farm workers in the deciduous fruit sector in Ceres. The study followed a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed methods research strategy. This meant that exploratory interviews informed semi-structured interviews, the findings of which were verified in focus groups before forming grounded indicators in a questionnaire interviewing 200 temporary off-farm workers employed in peak season. The findings are analysed drawing on Marx’s theory of the division of labour (1978a), social consciousness (1978c) and mechanisation of labour (1978d), which are further developed though the work of other theorists. The thesis illustrates that the socio-economic profile of farm workers has changed dramatically and that the majority of temporary farm workers are black African. This is attributed to the abolishment of influx control in 1987 and subsequent market deregulation and the flexibilisation of labour in the early 1990s. This meant that new relations of production were incorporated into the existing mode of production and flexibilisation led to a fragmentation of skills into racial categories. Having greater knowledge and skills of farm work, coloured workers accessed higher skilled jobs, permanent or temporary, whilst black African workers were incorporated as feminised workers, in accordance with increased employment of unskilled temporary workers in the sector. Labour insecurity is negotiated by drawing on formal and informal incomes, including support from household members, co-workers and social assistance grants. Drawing on a wider range of these resources, coloured women negotiate labour insecurity more successfully. Further, considerations in partaking in work are not only informed by labour insecurity but also reproductive insecurity and social relationships in the workplace. In conclusion, considerations depend on socio-historical contexts, which have led to unequal economic and social conditions of workers. This has meant that workers experience labour insecurity unevenly and make dependent choices in their considerations around work. There is, thus, a complex interplay of considerations between productive and social reproductive work.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ontwikkel 'n sosiaal-ekonomiese profiel van tydelike plaaswerkers en ondersoek hoe hulle onsekerheid beding in 'n konteks van hoë werkloosheid en tydelike werk. Dit word bereik deur 'n gevallestudie van tydelike plaaswerkers wat nie op plase woon nie in die sagtevrugtebedryf in Ceres. Die navorsingstrategie van hierdie studie is 'n drie-fase verkennende opeenvolgende vermengde-metodes strategie. Dit beteken dat kwalitatiewe onderhoude ingelig is deur verkennende onderhoude en hierdie bevindinge is weer in fokusgroepe geverifieer en toe as gegronde aanwysers gebruik in die opstel van 'n vraelys vir onderhoude met 200 tydelike plaaswerkers in die spitsseisoen. Die bevindinge word ontleed volgens Marx se teorie oor arbeidsverdeling (1978a), sosiale bewustheid (1978c) en meganisasie van werk (1978d) en wat deur ander teoretici verder ontwikkel is. Die tesis illustreer dat die sosiaal-ekonomiese profiel van tydelike plaaswerkers dramaties verander het en dat die meerderheid van werkers swart Afrikane is. Dit word toegeskryf aan die afskaffing van instromingsbeheer in 1987 en markderegulering en fleksibilisering van die arbeidsmag wat in die vroeë 1990s daarop gevolg het. Dit het beteken dat nuwe produksieverhoudings opgeneem is in die bestaande produksiewyse en fleksibilisering het tot ʼn fragmentasie van vaardighede gelei oor rassekategorieë heen. Met meer kennis van en vaardighede in plaaswerk, het bruin werkers meer toegang tot permanente en tydelike geskoolde werk gehad, terwyl swart werkers aangestel is in ongeskoolde plaaswerk tydens 'n verhoogde indiensneming van ongeskoolde tydelike werkers in die sektor. Arbeidsonsekerheid word beding deur formele en informele inkomstes, insluitende ondersteuning van ander lede van die huishouding, medewerkers en maatskaplike toelaes. Met 'n groter verskeidenheid van hierdie hulpbronne tot hulle beskikking, hanteer bruin vroue arbeidsonsekerheid meer suksesvol. Verder word oorwegings rondom deelname aan werk nie slegs ingelig deur arbeidsonsekerheid nie, maar ook reproduktiewe onsekerheid en sosiale verhoudings in die werksplek. Ten slotte, oorwegings rondom werk word beïnvloed deur sosiaalhistoriese kontekste, wat gelei het tot ongelyke ekonomiese en sosiale omstandighede van werkers. Dit beteken dat werkers arbeidsonsekerheid oneweredig ervaar en afhanklike keuses maak in hul oorwegings rondom die werk. Daar is dus 'n komplekse wisselwerking van oorwegings tussen produktiewe en sosiaalreproduktiewe werk. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Mubita, Fredrick http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98453 2016-05-27T08:58:28Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

The training, role and challenges of female peacekeepers : experiences of peacekeepers from the Zambia Police Service and the Zambia Army Mubita, Fredrick ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, there has been a shift from state security to human security, which gave rise to a more people-centred approach to security. Within this context, feminist scholars started to advocate for a more gendered dimension to human security and for the expanded role of women in peace processes, including peacekeeping. This was associated with the realisation that war affects men and women differently, and having more women in the military and in peacekeeping is not only necessary, but essential to improve the operational effectiveness of the peacekeeping mission. Women are said to make a number of contributions to peacekeeping such as increasing the ability to address Sexually Gender Based Violence (SGBV); improve access to local population; improvement in gathering community based intelligence; and enhancing gender equality and non -discrimination. While this may be the case, women face a number of challenges that hinder them from contributing effectively to peacekeeping operations (PKOs), and many of these claims are not substantiated with empirical evidence. This study interrogates these claims by examining the training, role and challenges women peacekeepers face in order to see whether they are making a unique contribution to peacekeeping. The main research question for this study is: How are women in the Zambia Police and military prepared for peacekeeping missions, in what roles are they typically utilised, and what challenges do they face? To begin with, the recruitment of women in the Zambia Army and Zambia Police are based on principles of gender equality without consideration of gender difference. Hence women are not recruited on the basis of specific female traits. Once recruited women are socialised into the military in the same way as men. The culture of police and military institution is masculine and women are expected to acquire these traits, which in essence dilutes femininity. The persistence of patriarchy in host countries also presents a real challenge in as far as the utilisation of women peacekeepers is concerned in the sense that the presence of female peacekeepers and the message they carry do not help to change the gender relations in the host country. Added to this, there are security concerns in the host states that limit the contributions that female peacekeepers can make to peacekeeping. Further, the inadequate training that female peacekeepers undergo inhibits the contributions that women can make to PKOs. In this regard, important differences between military and police personnel emerge. It is clear that in general, peacekeepers from the police are more sensitive to gender issues than the military peacekeepers. This is due to the nature of their roles and functions. However women in both these security services face a number of challenges that affect their optimal utilisation. In order to overcome these challenges this study recommends that the military and the police need to improve gender training for peacekeepers, should value f; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die 1990's was daar 'n verskuiwing van menslike veiligheid wat aanleiding gegee het tot 'n meer mensgesentreerde benadering tot sekuriteit. Binne hierdie konteks, het feministe begin om te pleit vir 'n meer geslagsbenadering tot menslike veiligheid en vir die uitgebreide rol van vroue in vredesprosesse, insluitende vredesoperasies. Dit het gepaard gegaan met die besef dat oorlog mans en vroue verskillend raak en dat meer vroue in die weermag en in vredesoperasies nie net nodig is nie, maar noodsaaklik is om die operasionele doeltreffendheid van die vredesending te verbeter. Daar is volhou dat vroue 'n aantal bydraes tot vredesoperasies maak soos die verhoging van die vermoë om seksueel geslagsgebaseerde geweld (SGBV) aan te spreek; verbeterde toegang tot die plaaslike bevolkings; verbeterde versameling van gemeenskapsgebaseerde intelligensie; en die verbetering van geslagsgelykheid en vermindering van diskriminasie. Terwyl dit die geval mag wees, is daar verskeie uitdagings wat vroue verhinder om doeltreffend bydraes tot vredesoperasies (VOs) te lewer en baie van hierdie eise is nie gestaaf met empiriese bewyse nie. Hierdie studie ondervra hierdie eise deur ondersoek in tel stel in verband met die opleiding, rol en uitdagings wat vroue in die gesig staar in vredesmagte en om te sien of hulle wel 'n unieke bydrae tot vredesoperasies maak. Om mee te begin, wys die studie uit dat die werwing van vroue vir die Zambiese Leer en Zambiese polisie gebaseer is op die beginsels van geslagsgelykheid, sonder inagneming van geslagverskille. Vroue word nie gewerf op grond van spesifieke vroulike eienskappe nie. Hierna word vroue gesosialiseer in die weermag in die dieselfde manier as mans. Die kultuur van beide die polisie en instellings is manlik en vroue word verwag om hierdie eienskappe aan te neem wat ten wese vroulikheid verskraal. Die volharding van patriargie in gasheerlande bied ook 'n groot uitdaging in so ver dit die benutting van vroue vredesmagte betref. Die teenwoordigheid van vroulike vredesmagte en die boodskap wat hulle dra, het min impak op die geslag verhoudings in die gasheerland. Bykomend hiertoe is daar bekommernis oor die veiligheid van vroue in vredesoperasies in die gasheer lande, wat hul bydraes verder beperk. Verder, die onvoldoende opleiding wat vroulike vredesmagte ondergaan, inhibeer die bydraes wat vroue kan maak vir vredesoperasies. In hierdie verband, is daar belangrike verskille tussen die militêre en polisie personeel. Dit is duidelik dat in die algemeen vredesmagte van die polisie meer sensitief vir geslagskwessies is as die militêre vredesmagte. Dit is as gevolg van die aard van hul rolle en funksies. Nieteenstaande is daar uitdagings wat vroue in albei hierdie sekuriteit dienste in die gesig staar en wat hul optimale benutting beïnvloed. Ten einde hierdie uitdagings aan te spreek, beveel hierdie studie aan dat beide die weermag en die polisie geslag opleiding vir vredesmagte verbeter, dat die waarde van die vroulike eienskappe erken word en dat 'n omgewing wat bevorderlik is vir vroue geskep word. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Wademan, Dillon Timothy http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/98449 2016-05-19T06:44:49Z 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

Caregivers, care work and the limits of healthcare : an ethnographic exploration into practices of community-based HIV prevention, treatment and care in a resource-limited setting in South Africa Wademan, Dillon Timothy ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In just over a decade the South African government's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic has gone from a position that could be described as adversarial to rolling out and sustaining the largest antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in the world (Simelela & Venter, 2014). With the latest recommendations from international organisations supporting immediate ART initiation for all people living with HIV/AIDS and ART for people at high risk for HIV infection (WHO, 2015), the number of people to be incorporated into the programme is likely to grow exponentially. One unfortunate effect of these shifts in healthcare provision is the enormous strain it places on an already ailing public health sector (Coovadia, Jewkes, Barron, Sanders & McIntyre, 2009). In order to cope with the growing pressures on the health system, the South African public health sector has increasingly relied on community- and home-based carers to carry out the everyday tasks of managing HIV-infected people's initiation on and adherence to ART. Despite their essential role in sustaining the health care system, little research has been done on the actual practices and experiences of community care workers in resource-poor settings (Zulliger, Moshabela, & Schneider, 2014). In this thesis I explore the care practices of two such groups of community- and home-based carers in one locality in the Western Cape. The first group are community care workers (CCWs) who work for non-governmental organisations in partnership with the public health sector. The second group, community HIV-care providers (or CHiPs), work for a population-based HIV treatment and prevention trial called HPTN 071 (or PopART). In addition, I engage with HIV-positive individuals introduced to me by the caregivers to draw out issues surrounding access to and provision of healthcare. In this context, CCWs are responsible for providing HIV-infected community members with treatment adherence and psychosocial support only once they have initiated ART. The CHiPs, on the other hand, are responsible for a range of HIV treatment and prevention practices including door-todoor voluntary HIV-counselling and testing. The PopART trial protocol describes the CHiPs’ work as delivering a “‘best practice’ public health intervention” and points out that their work should be “separate from the ‘research teams’” employed by the trial (Hayes & Fidler, 2012:33). However, at the same time as providing their clients with healthcare, both CCWs and CHiPs must also produce certain kinds of evidence of their care. Providing care while producing evidence often requires caregivers to adapt protocols and standard operating procedures, to ‘make do’ (Livingston, 2012), in order to meet their client’s healthcare needs. Further, everyday care work entails translating and negotiating between divergent and overlapping modes of healthcare and healing. This thesis explores how caregivers use their intimate knowledge of the challenges their clients face to help them navigate these complex layers of healthcare, knowledge and authority. Thus, rather than seen simply as intermediaries, I argue that caregivers should be seen as living in translation, as entangled in the everyday lives of their clients, tying together the loose ends of healthcare implementation in a resource limited setting.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se reaksie tot die MIV/VIGS epidemie het oor die afgelope dekade verander van 'n aanvanklike teenstrydige posisie tot die implementering van die grootste volhoubare antiretrovirale behandelingsprogram (ART) in die wêreld (Simelela & Venter, 2014). Met die nuutste aanbeveling van die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie om ART te inisieer vir alle mense wat met MIV/VIGS leef of wat as hoë risiko vir MIV infeksie beskou word (WHO, 2015), sal die getal mense wat in hierdie program inskakel oor die volgende paar jaar eksponensieël toeneem. 'n Belangrike en onvermydelike gevolg van hierdie verskuiwing in gesondheidsorgvoorsiening is die enorme implikasie hiervan op 'n alreeds wankelrige openbare gesondheidsorgsektor (Coovadia, Jewkes, Barron, Sanders & McIntyre, 2009). Om die groeiende druk op die gesondheidstelsel baas te raak, het die Suid-Afrikaanse openbare gesondheidsektor toenemend begin staatmaak op die toetrede van gemeenskaps- en tuisgebaseerde versorgers om die alledaagse taak van mense met MIV se toetrede en volhouding tot ART te bestuur. Ten spyte van hulle belangrike rol in die handhawing van die gesondheidssorgsisteem, is min navorsing gedoen oor die werklike praktyke en ervarings van gemeenskapsgesondheidswerkers in areas wat ondervoorsien is van bronne (Zulliger, Moshabela, & Schneider, 2014). In hierdie tesis word die versorgingspraktyke van twee sulke groepe van gemeenskaps- en tuisversorgers in een gebied in die Wes-Kaap, in oorweging gebring. Die eerste groep is gemeenskapsorgwerkers (CCWs) wat vir nie-regeringsorganisasies werk. Die tweede groep is gemeenskap MIV-versorging voorsieners (of CHiPs) wat werksaam is vir 'n bevolkingswye MIV behandelings- en voorkomingstudie, naamlik HPTN 071 (PopART). Daarbenewens gesels ek met MIV-positiewe individue, wat aan my bekendgestel is deur die versorgers, om kwessies rakende toegang tot en die voorsiening van gesondheidsorg aan te spreek. In hierdie konteks, is CCWs verantwoordelik vir die voorsiening van behandeling en psigososiale ondersteuning sodra hulle met ART begin het. Aan die anderkant, is CHiPs verantwoordelik vir 'n verskeidenheid van MIV behandeling- en voorkomingspraktyke, insluitend deur-tot-deur vrywillige MIV-berading en toetsing. Die PopART studie-protokol beskryf die CHiPs se werk as die lewering van 'n “‘beste praktyk’ openbare gesondheid intervensie” en wys uit dat hulle werk “losstaande [moet wees] tot die ‘navorsingspanne’” wat in diens geneem word deur die studie (Hayes & Fidler, 2012:33). Alhoewel, terselfdetyd as om kliënte met gesondheidssorg te verskaf, moet beide CCWs en CHiPs ook sekere bewyse van hulle versorging lewer. Om versorging sowel as bewyse te produseer, behels dikwels dat versorgers protokolle en standaard operasionele prosedures aanpas om hierby ‘uit te kom’ (Livingston, 2012), om sodoende aan hulle kliënt se gesondheidsbehoeftes te voorsien. Boonop behels alledaagse gesondheidswerk die vertaling en onderhandeling tussen uiteenlopende en oorvleulende wyses van gesondheidssorg en genesing. Hierdie tesis stel ondersoek in oor hoe versorgers hulle intieme kennis van die uitdagings wat hul kliënte in die gesig staar gebruik om hulle te help om die komplekse lae van gesondheidsorg, kennis en outoriteit te navigeer. Eerder as om gesien te word as blote tussengangers, is my argument dat die versorgingsvoorsieners gesien moet word as ‘lewend in vertaling’, soos wat hulle deel uitmaak van die alledaagse lewe van hul kliënte en poog om die losstaande aspekte van gesondheidsorg implementering in hulpbronbeperkte kontekste bymekaar uit te bring. Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z Terblanche, Renelle http://scholar.sun.ac.za:80/handle/10019.1/97787 2016-01-25T06:40:18Z 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

Good fences make good neighbours : a qualitative, interpretive study of human–baboon and human–human conflict on the Cape Peninsula Terblanche, Renelle ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Picturesque Cape Town is the epitome of an urban/nature interface but one within which chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) face slander for transgressing both the socially constructed human/animal and nature/culture divide, and/or the actual, physical borderlines associated with these divides. The difficulties associated with retaining baboons in nature, because of their ability to traverse physical boundaries, have led to human–baboon conflict. Even though research focusing on baboon biology on the Cape Peninsula is abundant, comparatively little attention has been paid to the human aspects of the conflict. By making use of a social constructionist theoretical framework, I wished to establish what attitudes and values play a defining role in different social constructions of chacma baboons, specifically those who often cross the urban/nature divide; what these different social constructions are; whether they differ among the various stakeholders that were included in this research; and whether there is a willingness amongst stakeholders to adjust to, accommodate, or at least understand “other” social constructions. The research is strongly motivated by a suggestion in the literature that human–human conflict underpins human–wildlife conflict. The main data collection method used in this research project was personal, semi-structured interviews with members of various stakeholder groups that are involved in the Cape Peninsula’s “baboon debate”, i.e. governmental institutions, nongovernmental organisations, researchers, representatives of residential associations, local residents and journalists. In order to increase the trustworthiness of my data and to gain an enhanced understanding of the complex social interactions, practices and belief systems which are embedded within human–baboon conflicts, I also analysed the discourse embedded in numerous forms of documentation that refer to the Cape Peninsula’s baboons. The findings from this research provide evidence that conflicts over beliefs and values, conflicts of interest, and conflicts over process are the prominent underlying causes of human– human conflict regarding baboons and baboon management on the Cape Peninsula. Conflicts over beliefs and values seem to underpin all types of human–human conflict regarding baboons on the Cape Peninsula, as human–baboon conflict is riddled with the Cartesian dualisms of urban (or culture) versus nature; human versus animal; biocentrism versus anthropocentrism; and rationalism versus affective social action. The opposition between the two ontologies of rationalism and affective social action, which reflect divergent ways of thinking about baboons and are central to individual’s support of certain baboon-management techniques, is especially pronounced. Moreover, the ability of the Cape Peninsula’s baboons to transgress the nature/culture, and even the human/animal, borderline not only leads to conflict between humans and baboons, but also among humans. This thesis recommends that, in order to effectively address human–human conflict over beliefs and values, as well as human–baboon conflict, the numerous stakeholders on the Cape Peninsula should identify a common significance of baboons. While I would refrain from declaring that human–human conflict is the actual source of human–baboon conflict, addressing the human dimensions of human–wildlife conflict remains an important though neglected issue.; AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Skilderagtige Kaapstad is die toonbeeld van ’n stedelike/natuur skeidingsvlak, maar een waarbinne die Kaapse bobbejane (Papio ursinus) beswadder word, omdat hulle die sosiaalgekonstrueerde mens/dier en natuur/kultuur skeidslyn en/of die werklike, fisiese grens wat met hierdie skeidslyn geassosieer is, skend. As gevolg van hul vermoë om fisiese grense te oorkruis, het die probleme met die inperking van bobbejane in die natuur tot mens–bobbejaan konflik gelei. Ondanks die feit dat navorsing met die fokus op bobbejaan-biologie op die Kaapse Skiereiland volop is, is relatief min aandag geskenk aan die menslike aspekte van die konflik. Deur gebruik te maak van ’n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese teoretiese raamwerk, wou ek vasstel watter ingesteldhede en waardes ’n bepalende rol speel in verskillende sosiale konstruksies van Kaapse bobbejane, veral diegene wat dikwels die stedelike/natuur skeidingsvlak oorkruis; wat hierdie verskillende sosiale konstruksies is; of hulle verskil tussen die verskeie rolspelers wat ingesluit is in hierdie navorsingsprojek; en of daar ’n bereidwilligheid is onder belanghebbendes om aan te pas by “ander” sosiale konstruksies, dit tegemoet te kom, of ten minste te verstaan. Die navorsing is sterk gemotiveer deur ’n voorstel in die literatuur dat mens–mens konflik mens–wildlewe konflik onderskraag. Die hoof data-insamelingsmetode wat in hierdie navorsingsprojek gebruik is, was persoonlike, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met lede van verskillende belanghebbende groepe wat betrokke is in die Kaapse Skiereiland se “bobbejaandebat”, d.w.s regeringsinstellings, nieregeringsorganisasies, navorsers, verteenwoordigers van residensiële verenigings, plaaslike inwoners en joernaliste. Ten einde die betroubaarheid van my data te versterk en om ’n beter begrip te ontwikkel van die ingewikkelde sosiale interaksies, praktyke en oortuigings wat ingebed is in mens–bobbejaan konflikte, het ek ook die diskoers ontleed wat ingebed is in talle vorme van dokumentasie wat verwys na die Kaapse Skiereiland se bobbejane. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing verskaf bewyse dat konflikte oor oortuigings en waardes, konflikte van belang, en konflikte oor prosesse die prominente onderliggende oorsake van mens–mens konflik rakende bobbejane en bobbejaanbestuur op die Kaapse Skiereiland is. Konflikte oor oortuigings en waardes blyk onderliggend te wees aan alle vorme van mens–mens konflik ten opsigte van bobbejane in die Kaapse Skiereiland, aangesien mens–bobbejaan konflik deurtrek is met die Cartesiese dualismes van stedelike (of kultuur) teenoor die natuur; mens teenoor dier; biosentrisme teenoor antroposentrisme; en rasionalisme teenoor affektiewe sosiale aksie. Die teenoorgesteldheid tussen die twee ontologieë van rasionalisme en affektiewe sosiale aksie, wat uiteenlopende maniere van dink oor bobbejane weerspieël en sentraal is tot individue se ondersteuning van sekere bobbejaanbestuurtegnieke, is veral ooglopend. Verder lei die vermoë van die Kaapse Skiereiland se bobbejane om die natuur/kultuur en selfs die mens/dier grenslyn te oorkruis, nie slegs tot konflik tussen mense en bobbejane nie, maar ook tussen mense. Hierdie tesis beveel aan dat, ten einde mens–mens konflik rakende oortuigings en waardes, asook mens–bobbejaan konflik, aan te spreek, moet die talle belanghebbendes in die Kaapse Skiereiland ’n gemeenskaplike betekenis van bobbejane identifiseer. Terwyl ek myself sou weerhou om te verklaar dat mens–mens konflik die wesenlike bron van mens–bobbejaan konflik is, bly die menslike dimensies van mens–wildlewe konflik ’n belangrike, dog verwaarloosde kwessie Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z