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Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid

Cilliers K.; Labadarios D.; Schaaf H.S.; Willemse M.; Maritz J.S.; Werely C.J.; Hussey G.; Donald P.R. (2010)

Aim: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, ...

Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Schaaf H.S.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Gie R.P.; Beyers N.; Donald P.R. (2006)

Aim: Continued surveillance of drug resistance amongst children presenting with culture-confirmed tuberculosis to a tertiary care hospital and to community clinics. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and ...

Ethionamide cross-and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis

Schaaf H.S.; Victor T.C.; Venter A.; Brittle W.; Jordaan A.M.; Hesseling A.C.; Marais B.J.; Van Helden P.D.; Donald P.R. (2009)

BACKGROUND: Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH). Both are pro-drugs requiring activation by separate and common enzyme pathways, which could lead to co-and/or cross-resistance. OBJECTIVE: To ...

Minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from children

Schaaf H.S.; Victor T.C.; Engelke E.; Brittle W.; Marais B.J.; Hesseling A.C.; Van Helden P.D.; Donald P.R. (2006)

The aim of the study presented here was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid for strains of isoniazid-resistant or multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from children in the ...

Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis

Gandhi N.R.; Nunn P.; Dheda K.; Schaaf H.S.; Zignol M.; van Soolingen D.; Jensen P.; Bayona J. (2010)

Although progress has been made to reduce global incidence of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis during the past decade threatens to ...

Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in young children

Van Den Bos F.; Terken M.; Ypma L.; Kimpen J.L.L.; Nel E.D.; Schaaf H.S.; Schoeman J.F.; Donald P.R. (2004)

OBJECTIVES: To document the clinical and diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in young children with and without concomitant miliary tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: A retrospective comparative study. RESULTS: ...

The 5-year outcome of multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in the Cape Province of South Africa

Schaaf H.S.; Botha P.; Beyers N.; Gie R.P.; Vermeulen H.A.S.; Groenewald P.; Coetzee G.J.; Donald P.R. (1996)

Little is known about the outcome of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries. In this study, 443 patients with MDR-TB, defined as resistance to two Or more antituberculosis drugs, were identified ...

HIV and childhood tuberculosis: The way forward

Cotton M.F.; Schaaf H.S.; Hesseling A.C.; Madhi S.A. (2004)

Tuberculosis has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in under-resourced communities. By causing progressive immunodeficiency, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases susceptibility to tuberculosis in an ...

Beijing and Haarlem genotypes are overrepresented among children with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape province of South Africa

Marais B.J.; Victor T.C.; Hesseling A.C.; Barnard M.; Jordaan A.; Brittle W.; Reuter H.; Beyers N.; Van Helden P.D.; Warren R.M.; Schaaf H.S. (2006)

Drug resistance among children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) provides an accurate measure of transmitted drug resistance within the community. We describe the genotype diversity in children with culture-confirmed ...

Genome and MIC stability in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and indications for continuation of use of isoniazid in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Victor T.C.; Warren R.; Butt J.L.; Jordaan A.M.; Felix J.V.; Venter A.; Sirgel F.A.; Schaaf H.S.; Donald P.R.; Richardson M.; Cynamon M.H.; Van Helden P.D. (1997)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to two or more of the first line antituberculosis drugs (MDR) are a serious threat to successful tuberculosis control programmes. For this retrospective study, 85 follow-up drug ...